“Red tide” is a bloom of poison-producing algae—a few different species of a class of plankton called dinoflagellates. When the weather and water conditions cause these blooms, shellfish such as clams living In the area develop dangerous levels of a paralysis-inducing toxin. In Massachusetts. the Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) monitors levels of the toxin in shellfish by regular sampling of shellfish along the coastline. If the mean level of toxin in clams exceeds 800 pg (micrograms) of toxin per kg of clam meat In any area, clam harvesting Is banned there until the bloom Is over and levels of toxin in clams subside. Describe both a Type I and a Type II error In this context, and state which error has the greater consequence.
“Red tide” is a bloom of poison-producing algae—a few different species of a class of plankton called dinoflagellates. When the weather and water conditions cause these blooms, shellfish such as clams living In the area develop dangerous levels of a paralysis-inducing toxin. In Massachusetts. the Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) monitors levels of the toxin in shellfish by regular sampling of shellfish along the coastline. If the mean level of toxin in clams exceeds 800 pg (micrograms) of toxin per kg of clam meat In any area, clam harvesting Is banned there until the bloom Is over and levels of toxin in clams subside. Describe both a Type I and a Type II error In this context, and state which error has the greater consequence.
“Red tide” is a bloom of poison-producing algae—a few different species of a class of plankton called dinoflagellates. When the weather and water conditions cause these blooms, shellfish such as clams living In the area develop dangerous levels of a paralysis-inducing toxin. In Massachusetts. the Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) monitors levels of the toxin in shellfish by regular sampling of shellfish along the coastline. If the mean level of toxin in clams exceeds 800 pg (micrograms) of toxin per kg of clam meat In any area, clam harvesting Is banned there until the bloom Is over and levels of toxin in clams subside. Describe both a Type I and a Type II error In this context, and state which error has the greater consequence.
Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...
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Part (b)
Draw a scatter plot of the ordered pairs.
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Life
Expectancy
Life
Expectancy
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50
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20
10
Year of
1950
1970 1990
2010 Birth
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Life
Expectancy
Part (c)
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2010 Birth
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70
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Year of
1950 1970 1990
2010 Birth
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Expectancy
Ox
800
70
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Year of
1950 1970 1990 2010 Birth
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Duke University
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University of Tokyo
Georgia Institute of Technology
Pohang University of Science and Technology
University of California, Santa Barbara
University of British Columbia
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
University of California, San Diego
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National University of Singapore
McGill…
Name
Harvard University
California Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Stanford University
Princeton University
University of Cambridge
University of Oxford
University of California, Berkeley
Imperial College London
Yale University
University of California, Los Angeles
University of Chicago
Johns Hopkins University
Cornell University
ETH Zurich
University of Michigan
University of Toronto
Columbia University
University of Pennsylvania
Carnegie Mellon University
University of Hong Kong
University College London
University of Washington
Duke University
Northwestern University
University of Tokyo
Georgia Institute of Technology
Pohang University of Science and Technology
University of California, Santa Barbara
University of British Columbia
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
University of California, San Diego
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
National University of Singapore…
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