Chapter 9, Problem 9.4P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The activity coefficient of ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ has to be calculated and compared with standard value.

Concept Introduction:

The $\text{pH}$ of solution can be calculated as,

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{pH=-logA}}_{{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}}\\ \\ \text{pH=-log}{\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]}_{{\text{γH}}^{\text{+}}}\end{array}$

With the above equation, the negative logarithm of activity of Hydrogen ion can be measured.

Activity:

Activity can be defined as the value that is been replaced by the concentration in a thermodynamic state of equilibrium expression.

The activity of X is given by the formula

${\text{A}}_{\text{X}}\text{=}{\left[\text{X}\right]}_{\text{γX}}$

Where ${\text{γ}}_{\text{X}}$ = activity co-efficient

$\left[\text{X}\right]$ = concentration of X

Activity co efficient:

Activity co-efficient can be defined as the number where the concentration should be multiplied to get the activity.

To calculate the activity coefficient of ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ and to compare with standard value

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The activity coefficient of ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The $\text{pH}$ of solution can be calculated as,

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{pH=-logA}}_{{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}}\\ \\ \text{pH=-log}{\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]}_{{\text{γH}}^{\text{+}}}\end{array}$

With the above equation, the negative logarithm of activity of Hydrogen ion can be measured.

Activity:

Activity can be defined as the value that is been replaced by the concentration in a thermodynamic state of equilibrium expression.

The activity of X is given by the formula

${\text{A}}_{\text{X}}\text{=}{\left[\text{X}\right]}_{\text{γX}}$

Where ${\text{γ}}_{\text{X}}$ = activity co-efficient

$\left[\text{X}\right]$ = concentration of X

Activity co efficient:

Activity co-efficient can be defined as the number where the concentration should be multiplied to get the activity.

To calculate the activity coefficient of ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The dependence of activity co-efficients on particular ions in solution based on ionic strengths of solutions has to be discussed.

Concept Introduction:

The $\text{pH}$ of solution can be calculated as,

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{pH=-logA}}_{{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}}\\ \\ \text{pH=-log}{\left[{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right]}_{{\text{γH}}^{\text{+}}}\end{array}$

With the above equation, the negative logarithm of activity of Hydrogen ion can be measured.

Activity:

Activity can be defined as the value that is been replaced by the concentration in a thermodynamic state of equilibrium expression.

The activity of X is given by the formula

${\text{A}}_{\text{X}}\text{=}{\left[\text{X}\right]}_{\text{γX}}$

Where ${\text{γ}}_{\text{X}}$ = activity co-efficient

$\left[\text{X}\right]$ = concentration of X

Activity co efficient:

Activity co-efficient can be defined as the number where the concentration should be multiplied to get the activity.

To discuss about the dependence of activity co-efficients on particular ions in solution