
Concept explainers
The number of additional lanes required in each direction.

Answer to Problem 8P
The number of additional lanes required to maintain the level of service B is four.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
Length of the segment is
Sustained grade is
Design volume is
Percentage of trucks is
Percentage of buses is
Percentage of RV's is
Percent hour factor is
Free flow speed is
Right side lateral obstruction is
Design LOS is
Formula used:
Write the expression to calculate the
Here,
Find the number of lanes in each direction using the following relation.
Here,
Calculate the free flow speed by using the formula.
Here,
Write the expression to calculate the speed.
Here,
Write the expression to calculate the density using the formula.
Here,
Calculation:
Refer table 9.26, "PCE's for trucks and buses on upgrades, multilane highways and basic freeway sections".
The value of passenger car equivalent for trucks
The value of passenger car equivalent for recreational vehicles is
Substitute
Consider the driver population factor as
Consider
Substitute
Consider
Substitute
Consider
Substitute
Refer table 9.29, "Adjustment for lane width".
The value of
Refer table 9.30, "Adjustment for right shoulder lateral clearance".
At the right side lateral clearance, the value of reduction in free flow speed
For two lanes the value is
For three lanes the value is
For four lanes the value is
Refer table 9.31, "Adjustment for number of lanes" for the value of
For two lanes the value is
For three lanes the value is
For four lanes the value is
Refer table 9.32, "Adjustment for interchange density" for the value of
The value is
Consider
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Refer table 9.33, "Level of service criteria for multilane highways".
The level of service is D.
Consider
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Refer table 9.33, "Level of service criteria for multilane highways".
The level of service is C.
Consider
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Refer table 9.33, "Level of service criteria for multilane highways".
The level of service is B.
Conclusion:
Therefore, the number of additional lanes required to maintain the level of service B is four.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Traffic and Highway Engineering
- The figures below shows the framing plan and section of a reinforced concrete floor system. Floor beams are shown as dotted lines. The weight of the ceiling and floor finishing is 6 psf, that of the mechanical and electrical systems is 7 psf, and the weight of the partitions is 180 psf. The floor live load is 105 psf. The 7 in. thick slab exterior bay (S-1) is reinforced with #5 rebars @ 10 in. o.c. as the main positive reinforcement at the mid span, and #4 @ 109 in. for the shrinkage and temperature reinforcement. The panel is simply supported on the exterior edge and monolithic with the beam at the interior edge. Check the adequacy of the slab. Use the ACI moment coefficients. fc’ = 6,000 psi and fy = 60,000 psi. The slab is in an interior location. Hint: • Estimate total dead load. Find factored maximum positive bending moment in the end span. • Find design positive moment capacity. • Compare and determine adequacy, including safety and economy.arrow_forwardQuestion 6 Two reservoirs have a 6 m difference in water levels and are connected by a pipe 60 cm in diameter and 3000 m long. Then, the pipe branches into two pipes, each 30 cm in diameter and 1500 m long. The friction coefficient is 0.01. Neglecting minor losses, determine the flow rates in the pipe system. Q Q3 ha h₁ = 6 marrow_forwardDesign a simply supported one-way pavement slab for a factored applied moment, Mu = 10 ft- kip. Use f c’ = 5,000 psi and f y = 60,000 psi. The slab is in permanent contact with soil. Hint: • Estimate a minimum slab thickness for deflection control. • Solve for the slab steel based on cover for soil contact.arrow_forward
- 20. In a deterministic queue, suppose vehicle arrive at a rate of 100 vph for the first hour and 60 vph for the second hour. The server can discharge 80 vehicles per hour. What is the standing queue at the end of two hours:arrow_forwardThe difference in water surface levels in two tanks, which are connected by three pipes in series of lengths 400 m, 200 m, and 300 m and of diameters 400 mm, 300 mm, and 200 mm, respectively, is 16m. Estimate the rate of flow of water if the coefficient of friction for these pipes is same and equal to 0.005, considering: (i) minor losses also (ii) neglecting minor losses.arrow_forwardThe difference in water surface levels in two tanks, which are connected by three pipes in series of lengths 300 m, 170 m, and 210 m, having diameters 300 mm, 200 mm, and 400 mm, respectively, is 12 m. Determine the rate of flow of water if coefficients of friction are 0.005, 0.0052, and 0.0048, respectively. Determine the discharge and velocity in each pipe, considering the minor losses and neglecting minor losses.arrow_forward
- Determine the heel and toe stresses and the factor of safeties for sliding and overturning for the gravity dam section shown in the figure below for the following loading conditions: - Horizontal earthquake (Kh) = 0.1 - Normal uplift pressure with gallery drain working - Silt deposit up to 30 m height - No wave pressure and no ice pressure -Unit weight of concrete = 2.4 Ton/m³ and unit weight of silty water = 1.4 Ton/m³ - Submerged weight of silt = 0.9 Ton/m³ - Coefficient of friction = 0.65 and angle of repose = 25° Solve this question with the presence of gallery and without gallery., discuss the issue in both cases.... Draw and Solve in table 4m 8m 6m 8m 7m 120marrow_forwardLand Use Hydrologic Area (acres) Soil Group A 25 Forestland-orchards B 30 B 45 Forest Oak-Aspen C 60 A 80 Open Spaces B 65 A 120 Residential (1/2-acre lots) B 155 Storm Hyetograph Time Rainfall Interval Intensity (hours) (in/hr) 0-1 1.2 1-2 1.3 2-3 1.9 3-4 1.5 4-5 1.3 5-6 1 6-7 0.8 1 Hour-Unit Hydrograph Time UH [hr] [cfs/in] 0 0 1 60 2 120 3 140 4 80 5 40 6 10 7 0arrow_forwardSecondary Treatment Based on a plant flow rate of 40 mgd, design an activated sludge, secondary treatment system with recycle which maintains a MLVSS = 2,000 mg/L in the aeration reactor and has an average Solids Retention Time (SRT) = 4 days. The biota kinetic constants are: Kinetic Coefficients for the Activated-sludge Process for the Removal of Organic Matter from Domestic Wastewater - Endogenous Decay Coefficient – k(d) Half-velocity constant – K(s) 0.1 15 Max. Specific Substrate Utilization Rate – k Biomass Yield - Y 6 0.45 gVSS/gVSS-day mg/L bsCOD g bsCOD/gVSS-day gVSS/g bsCOD used The laboratory has provided the information below for your influent from your primary clarifier. Unit mg/L Item Influent nbVSS - Xo Quantity 30 Fraction of the biomass which remains as cell debris (fd) Temperature 0.18 20 °C Quantity of Oxygen in air 0.017 Lb O₂/ft³ air Influent microorganism & substrate concentration as (So) Influent Inert Inorganics (TSS. – VSS.) 215 10 Mg/L bsCOD mg/L Aeration Basin…arrow_forward
- Please explain step by step and show formulaarrow_forwardThree pipes of length 800 m, 500 m, and 400 m and diameters of 500 mm, 400 mm, and 300 mm, respectively, are connected in a series. These pipes are to be replaced by a single pipe of length 1700 m. Find the diameter of the single pipe.arrow_forwardFor the setups (Case I and Case II) shown below calculate the Total and Pressure Heads at points A, B, and C. Also, determine the hydraulic gradient and pore water pressure at A. Note: Dotted area is a homogeneous soil. 5 m 1 m Datum 5 m 1m 3 m Case I י. 5 4m- C Case II 1 m D Datumarrow_forward
- Traffic and Highway EngineeringCivil EngineeringISBN:9781305156241Author:Garber, Nicholas J.Publisher:Cengage Learning
