Concept explainers
Newton’s universal law of gravity tells us that
Newton’s second law tells us that
- With a bit of algebraic reasoning, show that your gravitational acceleration toward any planet of mass M
a distance d from its center is
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Conceptual Physics (12th Edition)
- According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earths surface temperature has risen about 1F since 1900. There is evidence that this climate change may be due to human activity. The organizers of World Jump Day argue that if the Earth were in a slightly larger orbit, we could avoid global warming and climate change. They propose that we move the Earth into this new orbit by jumping. The idea is to get people in a particular time zone to jump together. The hope is to have 600 million people jump in a 24-hour period. Lets see if it will work. Consider the Earth and its inhabitants to make up the system. a. Estimate the number of people in your time zone. Assume they all decide to jump at the same time; estimate the total mass of the jumpers. b. What is the net external force on the Earthjumpers system? c. Assume the jumpers use high-tech Flybar pogo sticks (Fig. P8.32), which allow them to jump 6 ft. What is the displacement of the Earth as a result of their jump? d. What happens to the Earth when the jumpers land?arrow_forwardNear a massive planet, is gravitational acceleration large or small? Is space strongly curved, or not? What about near a small marble?arrow_forwardIt was stated that a satellite with negative total energy is in a bound orbit, whereas one with zero or positive total energy is in an unbounded orbit. Why zero or positive total energy is in an unbounded orbit. Why is this true? What choice for gravitational potential energy was made such that this is true?arrow_forward
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- What is the gravitational force experienced by mass C in the figure below? A :3 kg 7 6 B 5 kg 4 M=2 kg 2 →x(m) 12345 6789 10arrow_forwardWhat is the total gravitational potential energy of the three masses in (Figure 1)? Assume m1=20kg, m2=15kg and m3=10kg.arrow_forwardYou are on a strange new planet and you measure a weight of 2.1 Newtons acting on a 3 kg block. What is the gravitational acceleration of the planet? You are on a strange new planet and you measure a weight of 2.0 Newtons acting on a 9.5 kg block. What is the gravitational acceleration of the planet?arrow_forward
- A star that has a mass equal to the mass of our Sun is located 2.50×10^9 km from another star that has a mass that is one--half of the Sun’s mass. The net gravitational force of the two stars on a space probe positioned between them is zero. The probe's mass is 1.00×10^5 kg Determine the distance ? of the space probe from the more massive star.arrow_forwardLet's continue our calculation of the gravitational force between the computer mouse and the book from the previous part. g= 6.67 ✕ 10−11 N · m2/kg2. m1= .1 m2= .19 r=.525 Using the formula F = Gm1m2 r2 with the value of G above, plus the masses and distance given above, the magnitude of the force (in N) is then (A) F = ___________ Let's compare this to the weight (in N) of the book—that is, the gravitational force on the book due to the Earth. Using the formula w = mg, we find the following. (B) w = _________N Notice that the gravitational force on the book due to the Earth is huge compared to the gravitational force on the book by the mouse. We can calculate how much larger by finding the ratio of these two forces. w F = (c) ________times larger This means that gravity is actually a very weak force. It requires a large amount of mass (like that of a planet) to be noticeable. The gravitational forces between ordinary objects in everyday life are…arrow_forwardYou may have an image of Sir Isaac Newton sitting under a tree and after being hit on the head by an apple he suddenly "discovered" the Law of Universal Gravitation. In fact, the theory was a result of years’ worth of research, which in turn was based on centuries of accumulated knowledge. He is credited with determining that the following relationship is universal. The gravitational attraction between two objects varies jointly with their masses (m1 and m2) and inversely with the square of the distance (d) between them. By what percent does the force of gravitational attraction change if one mass is increased by 20%, the other mass decreased by 20%, and the separation is reduced by 25%?arrow_forward
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