Universe
Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 9, Problem 1CC
To determine

Whether gravitational force is necessary for the convection process and if convection can occur in case the temperature is same below and above a fluid.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 1CC

Solution:

Yes, the convection process requires gravitational force. No, convection cannot occur if the temperature is same.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Convection is defined as the process by which heat is transferred by the movement of fluids that is, between gases and liquids at the different temperatures. Therefore, convection in the kitchen is the process of transferring heat for the cooking of food.

Explanation:

The convection process involves gravitational force. This force helps a material with lower density to rise up when it is surrounded by a material of higher density. Therefore at zero gravity, buoyancy does not exist. Also, the process of heat transfer occurs at different temperatures. In the convection process, density depends on the temperature. If the temperature remains the same for the entire fluid, there will be no change observed in the density. That is why a cooler temperature is required above the fluid.

Conclusion:

Therefore, convection process requires different temperatures for two adjacent layers of fluid.

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