Interpretation Introduction To calculate: The lattice energy of C a B r 2 . Explanation Step 1: Formation of gaseous calcium from solid calcium. C a ( s ) → C a ( g ) Δ H s t e p 1 ° ( s u b lim a t i o n e n e r g y o f C a ) = 178 kJ/mol Step 2: Vaporization of bromine from liquid to gaseous state. B r 2 ( l ) → B r 2 ( g ) Δ H s t e p 2 ° ( v a p o r i z a t i o n o f B r 2 ) = 31 k J / m o l Step 3: Formation of a bromine atom from a bromine molecule. B r 2 ( g ) → 2 B r ( g ) Δ H s t e p 3 ° ( b o n d e n e r g y o f B r 2 ) = 193 k J / m o l Step 4 and 5: Ionization of gaseous calcium. The enthalpy change for this step is the ionization energy of calcium. This takes place in two steps as calcium lose two electrons in order to form C a 2 + . C a ( g ) → C a + ( g ) + e − Δ H s t e p 4 ° ( i o n i z a t i o n e n e r g y o f C a , I E 1 ) = 590 k J / m o l C a + ( g ) → C a 2 + ( g ) + e − Δ H s t e p 5 ° ( i o n i z a t i o n e n e r g y o f C a + , I E 2 ) = 1145 k J / m o l Step 6: Addition of an electron to gaseous bromine. The enthalpy change for this step is the electron affinity of bromine. There are two bromine atoms in C a B r 2 . Thus, addition of two electrons takes place. 2 B r ( g ) + 2 e − → 2 B r − Δ H s t e p 6 ° ( e l e c t r o n a f f i n i t y o f B r ) = 2 × − 325 k J / m o l = − 650 k J / m o l Step 7: The seventh step is the formation of crystalline solid from the gaseous calcium and bromide ions

Modified Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)

4th Edition

ISBN: 9780134162430

Author: Nivaldo J. Tro

Publisher: PEARSON

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Chapter 9, Problem 120E

Interpretation Introduction

To calculate: The lattice energy of CaBr2.

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Chapter 9, Problem 119E

Chapter 9, Problem 121E

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Modified Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)

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