Basic Business Statistics, Student Value Edition
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134685113
Author: Mark L. Berenson, David M. Levine, David F. Stephan, Kathryn Szabat
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 11PS
Many consumer groups feel that U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approval process is too easy and, as a result, too many drugs are approved that are later found to be unsafe. On the other hand, a number of industry lobbyists have pushed for a more lenient approval process so that pharmaceutical companies can get new drugs approved more easily and quickly. Consider a null hypothesis that a new, unapproved drug is unsafe and an alternative hypothesis that a new, unapproved drug is safe.
a. Explain the risks of committing a Type I or Type II error.
b. Which type of error are the consumer groups trying to avoid? Explain.
c. Which type of error are the industry lobbyists trying to avoid? Explain.
d. How would t be possible to lower the chances of both Type I and Type II errors?
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Trichotillomania is an illness characterized by the repeated urge to tear out hair, eyelashes, facial hair, nose hair, pubic hair, eyebrows, or other body hair, sometimes resulting in noticeable bald patches. A pharmaceutical company is trying to decide whether to market a drug to treat trichotillomania. The pharmacist who designed the drug believes it is very effective, especially when combined with therapy, whereas a researcher who did research on a sample of people suffering from the disorder is less convinced. Each of them created graphs to support his or her position.
Determine whether the pharmacist or the researcher created each graph. (Hint: Decide whether the graph minimizes or maximizes the effect of the drug first. Then decide who would want to do that, and choose your response from the list of possible combinations.)
Many consumer groups feel that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug approval process is too easy and, as a result, too many drugs are approved that are later found to be unsafe. On the other hand, a number of industry lobbyists have pushed for a more lenient approval process so that pharmaceutical companies can get new drugs approved more easily and quickly. The FDA wants to set up a hypothesis test to show that the new drug is safe before approving it by assuming it to be unsafe.
Match the followings concepts to their correct interpretations in the context of the question:
Null hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis
Type I error
Type II error
A.
The new drug is unsafe but the FDA concludes that it is…
Chapter 9 Solutions
Basic Business Statistics, Student Value Edition
Ch. 9 - If you use a 0.005 level of significance in a...Ch. 9 - If you use a 0.05 level of significance in a...Ch. 9 - If you use a 0.10 level of significance in a...Ch. 9 - If you use a 0.01 level of significance in a...Ch. 9 - What is your decision in problem 9.4 if...Ch. 9 - What is the p -value if, in a two-tail hypothesis...Ch. 9 - In problem 9.6, what is your statistical decision...Ch. 9 - What is the p-value if, in a two -tail hypothesis...Ch. 9 - In the U.S. legal system, a defendant is presumed...Ch. 9 - Suppose the defendant in Problem 9.9 is presumed...
Ch. 9 - Many consumer groups feel that U.S. Food and Drug...Ch. 9 - As a result of complaints from both students and...Ch. 9 - Do business senior at your school prepare for...Ch. 9 - The quality- control manager at a light emitting...Ch. 9 - Suppose that in problem 9.14, the standard...Ch. 9 - A bottled water distributor wants to determine...Ch. 9 - Suppose that in Problem 9.16, the standard...Ch. 9 - If, In a sample of n=16 selected from a normal...Ch. 9 - In Problem 9.18, how many degrees of freedom does...Ch. 9 - In Problem 9.18, 9.19, what are the Critical...Ch. 9 - In, Problem 9.18, 9.19, and 9.20, what is your...Ch. 9 - If, in a sample of n=16 selected from a...Ch. 9 - If, in a sample of n=160 selected from a...Ch. 9 - You are the manager of a restaurant for a...Ch. 9 - A manufacturer of chocolate candies uses machines...Ch. 9 - A marketing researcher wants to estimate the mean...Ch. 9 - The U.S. Department of Transportation requires...Ch. 9 - The file FastFood contains the amount that a...Ch. 9 - An insurance company has the business objective of...Ch. 9 - The following data (in Drink) represent the amount...Ch. 9 - One of the major measures of the quality of...Ch. 9 - A manufacturing company produces steel housings...Ch. 9 - One operation of a steel mill is to cut pieces of...Ch. 9 - In Problem 3.69 on page 156, you were introduced...Ch. 9 - We Are Social and Hootsuite reported that the...Ch. 9 - In a one-tail hypothesis test where you reject H0...Ch. 9 - In Problem 9.36, what is your statistical decision...Ch. 9 - In a one-tail hypothesis test where you reject H0...Ch. 9 - In Problem 9.38, what is your statistical decision...Ch. 9 - In a one-tail hypothesis test where you reject H0...Ch. 9 - In Problem 9.40, what is your statistical decision...Ch. 9 - In a one-tail hypothesis test where you reject H0...Ch. 9 - In Problem 9.42, what is your statistical decision...Ch. 9 - In a one-tail hypothesis test where you reject H0...Ch. 9 - In Problem 9.44, what is your statistical decision...Ch. 9 - The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority...Ch. 9 - CarMD reports that after two years of flat U.S....Ch. 9 - Patient waiting is a common phenomenon the...Ch. 9 - You are the manager of a restaurant that delivers...Ch. 9 - A Survey of nonprofit organization showed that...Ch. 9 - The population mean waiting time to check out of a...Ch. 9 - If, a random sample of 400 items, 88 are...Ch. 9 - In Problem 9.52, if the null hypothesis is that 20...Ch. 9 - In Problem 9.52 and 9.53, suppose you are testing...Ch. 9 - According to a recent National Association of...Ch. 9 - The worldwide market share for the Chrome web...Ch. 9 - One of the issues facing organizations Is...Ch. 9 - What are companies’ biggest obstacles to...Ch. 9 - A cellphone provider has the business objective of...Ch. 9 - Actuation Consulting conducted a global survey of...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between a null hypothesis,...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between a Type I error and...Ch. 9 - What is meant by the power of a test?Ch. 9 - What is the difference between a one -tail test...Ch. 9 - What is meant by a p-value?Ch. 9 - How can a confidence interval estimate for the...Ch. 9 - What is the six-step critical value approach to...Ch. 9 - What is the five-step p-value approach to...Ch. 9 - In hypothesis testing, the common level of...Ch. 9 - Financial institutions utilize prediction models...Ch. 9 - IAB conducted a study of 821 U.S. adults to...Ch. 9 - The owner of a speciality coffee shop wants to...Ch. 9 - An auditor for a government agency was assigned...Ch. 9 - A bank branch located in a commercial district of...Ch. 9 - Call centers today play an important role in...Ch. 9 - An important quality characteristic used by the...Ch. 9 - Studies conducted by the manufacturer of Boston...Ch. 9 - The manufacturer of Boston and Vermont asphalt...Ch. 9 - Referring to the results of problems 9.76 through...
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