Chemistry (AP Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611103
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Chapter 9, Problem 100CP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The bonding in benzoic acid is to be described by using the localized electron model combined with the molecular orbital model.
Concept introduction: Localized electron model is described as a model that assumes that a molecule is composed of atoms which are bounded together by sharing electron pairs using the atomic orbitals of the bound atoms and the molecular orbital model shows molecule as a collection of nuclei and electrons where the electrons are assumed to occupy orbitals as in atoms but having the orbitals extend over the entire molecule.
To determine: The bonding in benzoic acid using the localized electron model combined with the molecular orbital model.
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Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic
aromatic substitution.
Explanation
Check
CF3
(Choose one)
OH
(Choose one)
H
(Choose one)
(Choose one)
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Identifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects
For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the
benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene.
Molecule
Inductive Effects
Resonance Effects
Overall Electron-Density
CF3
O donating
O donating
O electron-rich
O withdrawing
withdrawing
O no inductive effects
O no resonance effects
O electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
OCH3
Explanation
Check
O donating
O donating
○ withdrawing
withdrawing
O no inductive effects
no resonance effects
electron-rich
electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
Х
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The acid-base chemistry of both EDTA and EBT are important to ensuring that the reactions proceed as desired, thus the pH is controlled using a buffer. What percent of the EBT indicator will be in the desired HIn2- state at pH = 10.5. pKa1 = 6.2 and pKa2 = 11.6 of EBT
Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry (AP Edition)
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