Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260048766
Author: CENGEL
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 8.8, Problem 50P
To determine
The wasted work potential during the throttling process.
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Please explain all steps in detail and interpolation that was done. I asked this question before and got an answer that did not explain where the values came from as on was not even present in the table the mentioned.
Steam at 4 MPa and 350°C is expanded in an adiabatic turbine to 125 kPa.
What is the isentropic efficiency of this turbine if the steam is exhausted as a
saturated vapor? Plot both the actual process and the referenced isentropic
process in T-s diagram with saturation lines.
Hint: We worked on a similar problem in class (example 7-15 for
compressor, ideal gas). It will be helpful to study example 7-14 (turbine,
saturated mixture) in the textbook before you start this problem.
Water vapor at 100 kPa and 150°C is compressed isothermally until half the vapor has condensed. How much work must be performed on the steam in this compression process in kW if the mass flow rate is 4.769 kg/s?
Use steam tables of keenan et al
Chapter 8 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 8.8 - What final state will maximize the work output of...Ch. 8.8 - Is the exergy of a system different in different...Ch. 8.8 - Under what conditions does the reversible work...Ch. 8.8 - How does useful work differ from actual work? For...Ch. 8.8 - How does reversible work differ from useful work?Ch. 8.8 - Is a process during which no entropy is generated...Ch. 8.8 - Consider an environment of zero absolute pressure...Ch. 8.8 - It is well known that the actual work between the...Ch. 8.8 - Consider two geothermal wells whose energy...Ch. 8.8 - Consider two systems that are at the same pressure...
Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 11PCh. 8.8 - Does a power plant that has a higher thermal...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 13PCh. 8.8 - Saturated steam is generated in a boiler by...Ch. 8.8 - One method of meeting the extra electric power...Ch. 8.8 - A heat engine that receives heat from a furnace at...Ch. 8.8 - Consider a thermal energy reservoir at 1500 K that...Ch. 8.8 - A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1100...Ch. 8.8 - A heat engine that rejects waste heat to a sink at...Ch. 8.8 - A geothermal power plant uses geothermal liquid...Ch. 8.8 - A house that is losing heat at a rate of 35,000...Ch. 8.8 - A freezer is maintained at 20F by removing heat...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 24PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 25PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 26PCh. 8.8 - Can a system have a higher second-law efficiency...Ch. 8.8 - A mass of 8 kg of helium undergoes a process from...Ch. 8.8 - Which is a more valuable resource for work...Ch. 8.8 - Which has the capability to produce the most work...Ch. 8.8 - The radiator of a steam heating system has a...Ch. 8.8 - A well-insulated rigid tank contains 6 lbm of a...Ch. 8.8 - A pistoncylinder device contains 8 kg of...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 35PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 36PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 37PCh. 8.8 - A pistoncylinder device initially contains 2 L of...Ch. 8.8 - A 0.8-m3 insulated rigid tank contains 1.54 kg of...Ch. 8.8 - An insulated pistoncylinder device initially...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 41PCh. 8.8 - An insulated rigid tank is divided into two equal...Ch. 8.8 - A 50-kg iron block and a 20-kg copper block, both...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 45PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 46PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 47PCh. 8.8 - A pistoncylinder device initially contains 1.4 kg...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 49PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 50PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 51PCh. 8.8 - Air enters a nozzle steadily at 200 kPa and 65C...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 54PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 55PCh. 8.8 - Argon gas enters an adiabatic compressor at 120...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 57PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 58PCh. 8.8 - The adiabatic compressor of a refrigeration system...Ch. 8.8 - Refrigerant-134a at 140 kPa and 10C is compressed...Ch. 8.8 - Air enters a compressor at ambient conditions of...Ch. 8.8 - Combustion gases enter a gas turbine at 900C, 800...Ch. 8.8 - Steam enters a turbine at 9 MPa, 600C, and 60 m/s...Ch. 8.8 - Refrigerant-134a is condensed in a refrigeration...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 66PCh. 8.8 - Refrigerant-22 absorbs heat from a cooled space at...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 68PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 69PCh. 8.8 - Air enters a compressor at ambient conditions of...Ch. 8.8 - Hot combustion gases enter the nozzle of a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 72PCh. 8.8 - A 0.6-m3 rigid tank is filled with saturated...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 74PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 75PCh. 8.8 - An insulated vertical pistoncylinder device...Ch. 8.8 - Liquid water at 200 kPa and 15C is heated in a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 78PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 79PCh. 8.8 - A well-insulated shell-and-tube heat exchanger is...Ch. 8.8 - Steam is to be condensed on the shell side of a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 82PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 83PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 84PCh. 8.8 - Prob. 85RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 86RPCh. 8.8 - An aluminum pan has a flat bottom whose diameter...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 88RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 89RPCh. 8.8 - A well-insulated, thin-walled, counterflow heat...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 92RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 93RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 94RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 95RPCh. 8.8 - Nitrogen gas enters a diffuser at 100 kPa and 110C...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 97RPCh. 8.8 - Steam enters an adiabatic nozzle at 3.5 MPa and...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 99RPCh. 8.8 - A pistoncylinder device initially contains 8 ft3...Ch. 8.8 - An adiabatic turbine operates with air entering at...Ch. 8.8 - Steam at 7 MPa and 400C enters a two-stage...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 103RPCh. 8.8 - Steam enters a two-stage adiabatic turbine at 8...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 105RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 106RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 107RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 108RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 109RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 111RPCh. 8.8 - A passive solar house that was losing heat to the...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 113RPCh. 8.8 - A 4-L pressure cooker has an operating pressure of...Ch. 8.8 - Repeat Prob. 8114 if heat were supplied to the...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 116RPCh. 8.8 - A rigid 50-L nitrogen cylinder is equipped with a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 118RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 119RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 120RPCh. 8.8 - Reconsider Prob. 8-120. The air stored in the tank...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 122RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 123RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 124RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 125RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 126RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 127RPCh. 8.8 - Water enters a pump at 100 kPa and 30C at a rate...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 129RPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 130RPCh. 8.8 - Obtain a relation for the second-law efficiency of...Ch. 8.8 - Writing the first- and second-law relations and...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 133RPCh. 8.8 - Keeping the limitations imposed by the second law...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 135FEPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 136FEPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 137FEPCh. 8.8 - Prob. 138FEPCh. 8.8 - A furnace can supply heat steadily at 1300 K at a...Ch. 8.8 - A heat engine receives heat from a source at 1500...Ch. 8.8 - Air is throttled from 50C and 800 kPa to a...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 142FEPCh. 8.8 - A 12-kg solid whose specific heat is 2.8 kJ/kgC is...
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- Water vapor at 100 kPa and 150°C is compressed isothermally until half the vapor has condensed. How much work must be performed on the steam in this compression process in kW if the mass flow rate is 8.397 kg/s?arrow_forwardRefrigerant-134a at 100 kPa and –10°C is compressed by an adiabatic compressor to 600 kPa and 50°C. If we assume that the surrounding temperatures at 27°C and negligible changes in kinetic and potential energy, analyze the system to obtain the compressor's: - the isentropic efficiency - the second-law efficiency The power input for the compressor is 0.5 kW.arrow_forwardIf saturated liquid steam at 850 kPa is throttled to 120 kPa, what is the quality of the resulting steam?arrow_forward
- A piston cylinder arrangement contains 0.02 m³ of air at 50°C and 400 kPa. Heat is added in the amount of 50 kJ and work is done by a paddle wheel until the temperature reaches 700°C. If the pressure is held constant, how much paddle-wheel work must be added to the air? Assume constant specific heats. Equations to be used: о - W раddle 3 т(hz — h) %3 тср (Тz — Ti) PV m = RTarrow_forwardDont ignore all solve all take timearrow_forwardA turbine takes in 550 degrees Celsius (13 MPa) steam and produces 1750 kW rate of work at 80% steam quality and 23 kPa. What is the mass flow rate of the steam entering this turbine?arrow_forward
- . A piston–cylinder device contains steam that undergoes a reversible thermodynamic cycle.Initially the steam is at 400 kPa and 350°C with a volume of 0.5 m3. The steam is first expandedisothermally to 150 kPa, then compressed adiabatically to the initial pressure, and finallycompressed at the constant pressure to the initial state. Determine the net work and heattransfer for the cycle after you calculate the work and heat interaction for each process.arrow_forwardIn a certain geothermal area, studies show that 1,500,500 kg/hr of pressurized ground water is available at 2500 psia and 6200F. The water will be throttled to 250 psia to produce ert steam and this mixture will be passed through a water separator to remove the water droplets so that saturated steam at 250 psia is available at the entrance of steam turbine for the proposed power plant. Other data are as follows: Discharge pressure of turbine 25 in. Hg. Vaccum Turbine Engine efficiency 75% Mechanical Loss1.5% of shaft power Generator efficiency 97% Assume atmospheric pressure to be 30 in. Hg. Determine the maximum amount of power in kW that the plant can generate.arrow_forward(b) A mass of air is initially at 320°C and 100 kPa, having a volume of 0.5m³. The air is heated at constant volume to 250 kPa. An isentropic expansion process is then carried out, followed by an isothermal process which completes the cycle. (i) Sketch the cycle on P-v and T-s planes. (ii) Find the heat received and heat rejected in the cycle. (iii) Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle.arrow_forward
- Helium gas expands from 100 kPa and 350 K and 0.5 m3to 50 kPa in a polytropicprocess with n = 1.667. Is the work positive, negative or zero?arrow_forwardHow long does it take a 750- W coffeepot to bring to a boil 0.56 L of water initially at 9.6 ∘C ? Assume that the part of the pot which is heated with the water is made of 360 g of aluminum, and that no water boils away.arrow_forwardBaal eyels A 0.8-m insulated rigid tank contains 2 kg of carbon dioxide at 90 kPa. Now paddle- wheel work is done on the system until the pressure in the tank rises to 150 kPa. Determine the minimum paddle-wheel work of this process. Take To =300 K (R = 0.189RJ %3D 0.68 J kgK kgK FO Uring constant specific heats at roomarrow_forward
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