Finite Mathematics and Calculus with Applications

1st Edition

ISBN: 9781323188361

Author: Margaret Lial

Publisher: Pearson Education

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Addition Rule of Probability

It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.

Expected Value

When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known …

Probability Distributions

Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosi…

Basic Probability

The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the prob…

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Textbook Question

Chapter 8.4, Problem 42E

Births In Clay County, North Carolina, 54 out of 84 births in 2012, or about 64%, were male, while in Macon County, 20 I out of 346 births, or about 58%, were male. Source: North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics.

(a) Which of these two events seems less likely to you? Now compute the probability of at least 54 out of 84 births being male, and at least 201 out of 346 births being male, assuming male and female births are equally likely. Does this surprise you?
(b) Explain why the Macon County births are more unusual, even though the Clay County births have a higher percentage of males.
(c) Explain why, in part (a), we calculated the probability of at least 54 births out of 84 being male, rather than the probability that exactly 54 births out of 84 are male.

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Chapter 8.4, Problem 41E

Chapter 8.4, Problem 43E

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Finite Mathematics and Calculus with Applications

Ch. 8.1 - A combination lock can be set to open to any...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2YT Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 3YT Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 4YT Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 5YT Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 6YT Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 7YT Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 3E

Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 4E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 10E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 12E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 17E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 18E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 19E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.1 - Find the number of distinguishable permutations of...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 23E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 25E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 26E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 27E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 28E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 29E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 30E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 31E Ch. 8.1 - InvestmentsKristen Elmores financial advisor has...Ch. 8.1 - SchedulingA local television station has eleven...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 34E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 35E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 36E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 37E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 38E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 39E Ch. 8.1 - Union ElectionsA chapter of union Local 715 has 35...Ch. 8.1 - Programming MusicA concert to raise money for an...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 42E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 43E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 44E Ch. 8.1 - Telephone Area CodesSeveral years ago, the United...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 46E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 47E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 48E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 49E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 50E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 51E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 52E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 53E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 54E Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 55E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 1YT Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2YT Ch. 8.2 - Solve the problems in Example 4. EXAMPLE...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 4YT Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 5YT Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 1WE Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2WE Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 4E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 10E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 12E Ch. 8.2 - Five cards are marked with the numbers I. 2. 3.4....Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.2 - In Exercises 17-24, decide whether each exercise...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 18E Ch. 8.2 - In Exercises 17-24, decide whether each exercise...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.2 - In Exercises 17-24, decide whether each exercise...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.2 - In Exercises 17-24, decide whether each exercise...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 25E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 26E Ch. 8.2 - The following problem was posed on National Public...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 28E Ch. 8.2 - Work AssignmentsFrom a group of 8 newly hired...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 30E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 31E Ch. 8.2 - Worker GrievancesA group of 9 workers decides to...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 33E Ch. 8.2 - Ice Cream FlavorsBaskin-Robbins advertises that it...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 35E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 36E Ch. 8.2 - Legislative CommitteeA legislative committee...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 38E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 39E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 40E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 41E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 42E Ch. 8.2 - BaseballIf a baseball coach has 5 good hitters and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 44E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 45E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 46E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 47E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 48E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 49E Ch. 8.2 - License PlatesOfficials from a particular state...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 51E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 52E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 53E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 54E Ch. 8.2 - AppetizersApplebees restaurant recently advertised...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 56E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 57E Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 58E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1YT Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2YT Ch. 8.3 - Suppose the container in Example 3 has 4...Ch. 8.3 - In Example 4, what is the probability of a hand...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 5YT Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 6YT Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1WE Ch. 8.3 - If the Senate has 59 Democrats and 41 Republicans,...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.3 - A basket contains 7 red apples and 4 yellow...Ch. 8.3 - In a club with 9 male and 11 female members, a...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 10E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 12E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.3 - Find the probability that the 2-card hand...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 17E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 18E Ch. 8.3 - Twenty-six slips of paper are each marked with a...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.3 - Twenty-six slips of paper are each marked with a...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.3 - Discuss the relative merits of using tree diagrams...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 25E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 26E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 27E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 28E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 29E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 30E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 31E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 32E Ch. 8.3 - An elevator has 4 passengers and slops at 7...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 34E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 35E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 36E Ch. 8.3 - Quality ControlA shipment of 11 printers contains...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 38E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 39E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 40E Ch. 8.3 - Refer to Example 3. The managers feel that the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 42E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 43E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 44E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 45E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 46E Ch. 8.3 - EducationEducation At a conference promoting...Ch. 8.3 - PokerFind the probabilities of the following hands...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 49E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 50E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 51E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 52E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 53E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 54E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 55E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 56E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 57E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 58E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 59E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 60E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 61E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 62E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 63E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 64E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 65E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 66E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 67E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 68E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 69E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 70E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 71E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 72E Ch. 8.3 - FootballDuring the 1988 college football season,...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 74E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 75E Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 76E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1YT Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2YT Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3YT Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1WE Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2WE Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 4E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.4 - A die is rolled 12 times. Find the probabilities...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 12E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 17E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 18E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 19E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 21E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 22E Ch. 8.4 - Business and Economics ManagementThe survey...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.4 - Credit CardsA survey of consumer finance found...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 26E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 27E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 28E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 29E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 30E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 31E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 32E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 33E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 34E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 35E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 36E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 37E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 38E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 39E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 40E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 41E Ch. 8.4 - BirthsIn Clay County, North Carolina, 54 out of 84...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 43E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 44E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 45E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 46E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 47E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 48E Ch. 8.4 - Health StudyA study is being conducted in which...Ch. 8.4 - Social Sciences 50. Women WorkingA recent study...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 51E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 52E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 53E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 54E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 55E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 56E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 57E Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 58E Ch. 8.4 - SportsIn many spans championships, such as the...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1YT Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2YT Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 3YT Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 4YT Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 5YT Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1WE Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2WE Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1E Ch. 8.5 - For each experiment described below, let x...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 3E Ch. 8.5 - For each experiment described below, let x...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 5E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 6E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 7E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 9E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 10E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 11E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 12E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 13E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 14E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 15E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 16E Ch. 8.5 - For the game in Example 5, find Marys expected...Ch. 8.5 - Suppose one day Mary brings a 2-headed coin and...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 19E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 20E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 21E Ch. 8.5 - Solve each exercise. Many of these exercises...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 23E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 24E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 25E Ch. 8.5 - Suppose someone offers to pay you 5 if you draw 2...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 27E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 28E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 29E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 30E Ch. 8.5 - Payout on Insurance PoliciesAn insurance company...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 32E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 33E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 34E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 35E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 36E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 37E Ch. 8.5 - Hospitalization InsuranceAn insurance policy pays...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 39E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 40E Ch. 8.5 - Samuel AlitoWhen Supreme Court Justice Samuel...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 42E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 43E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 44E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 45E Ch. 8.5 - RaffleA raffle offers a first prize of 1000, 2...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 47E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 48E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 49E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 50E Ch. 8.5 - Find the expected payback for the games of chance...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 52E Ch. 8.5 - ContestsA magazine distributor offers a first...Ch. 8.5 - ContestsA contest at a fast-food restaurant...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 55E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 56E Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 57E Ch. 8 - Prob. 1RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 2RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 3RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 4RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 5RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 6RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 7RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 8RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 9RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 10RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 11RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 12RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 13RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 14RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 15RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 16RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 17RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 18RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 19RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 20RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 21RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 22RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 23RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 24RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 25RE Ch. 8 - A basket contains 4 black, 2 blue, and 7 green...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 28RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 29RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 30RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 31RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 32RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 33RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 34RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 35RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 36RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 37RE Ch. 8 - Suppose 2 cards are drawn without replacement from...Ch. 8 - Prob. 39RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 40RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 41RE Ch. 8 - In Exercises 41 and 42, (a) give a probability...Ch. 8 - Prob. 43RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 44RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 45RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 46RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 47RE Ch. 8 - Suppose someone offers to pay you 100 if you draw...Ch. 8 - Prob. 49RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 50RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 51RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 52RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 53RE Ch. 8 - Job QualificationsOf the 12 people applying for an...Ch. 8 - Prob. 55RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 56RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 57RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 58RE Ch. 8 - Identity TheftAccording to a survey by Javelin...Ch. 8 - Prob. 60RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 61RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 62RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 63RE Ch. 8 - Injury ClaimsThe number of injury claims per month...Ch. 8 - Prob. 65RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 66RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 67RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 68RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 69RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 70RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 71RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 72RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 73RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 74RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 75RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 76RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 77RE Ch. 8 - LotteryNew York has a lottery game called Quick...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 80RE Ch. 8 - Prob. 81RE Ch. 8 - PitThe card game of Pit was introduced by Parker...

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the probability of at least 54 out of 84 births being male is 0.0058 approximately.

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