Chapter 8.3B, Problem 2A

To determine

(a)

The sets $\left\{\left(1,c\right),\left(3,d\right)\right\}$ of ordered pairs are functions or not.

To determine

(b)

The sets $\left\{\left(1,a\right),\left(1,b\right),\left(1,c\right)\right\}$ of ordered pairs are functions or not.

To determine

(c)

The sets $\left\{\left(1,b\right),\left(2,b\right),\left(3,b\right)\right\}$ of ordered pairs are functions or not.

To determine

(d)

The sets $\left\{\left(1,a\right),\left(2,b\right),\left(2,c\right)\left(3,d\right)\right\}$ of ordered pairs are functions or not.