Mathematical Excursions (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305965584
Author: Richard N. Aufmann, Joanne Lockwood, Richard D. Nation, Daniel K. Clegg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8.2, Problem 60ES
Decoding Decode the message BTYW SCRBKN UCYN that was encrypted using the
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Let n = 7, let p = 23 and let S be the set of least positive residues mod p of the first (p − 1)/2
multiple of n, i.e.
n mod p, 2n mod p, ...,
p-1
2
-n mod p.
Let T be the subset of S consisting of those residues which exceed p/2.
Find the set T, and hence compute the Legendre symbol (7|23).
23
32
how come?
The first 11 multiples of 7 reduced mod 23 are
7, 14, 21, 5, 12, 19, 3, 10, 17, 1, 8.
The set T is the subset of these residues exceeding
So T = {12, 14, 17, 19, 21}.
By Gauss' lemma (Apostol Theorem 9.6),
(7|23) = (−1)|T| = (−1)5 = −1.
Let n = 7, let p = 23 and let S be the set of least positive residues mod p of the first (p-1)/2
multiple of n, i.e.
n mod p, 2n mod p, ...,
2
p-1
-n mod p.
Let T be the subset of S consisting of those residues which exceed p/2.
Find the set T, and hence compute the Legendre symbol (7|23).
The first 11 multiples of 7 reduced mod 23 are
7, 14, 21, 5, 12, 19, 3, 10, 17, 1, 8.
23
The set T is the subset of these residues exceeding
2°
So T = {12, 14, 17, 19, 21}.
By Gauss' lemma (Apostol Theorem 9.6),
(7|23) = (−1)|T| = (−1)5 = −1.
how come?
Shading a Venn diagram with 3 sets: Unions, intersections, and...
The Venn diagram shows sets A, B, C, and the universal set U.
Shade (CUA)' n B on the Venn diagram.
U
Explanation
Check
A-
B
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Mathematical Excursions (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8.1 - Determine the day of the week on which you were...Ch. 8.1 - Determine the day of the week on which Abraham...Ch. 8.1 - Determine the day of the week on which January 1,...Ch. 8.1 - Determine the day of the week on which Valentines...Ch. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 4ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 5ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 6ES
Ch. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 8ESCh. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 10ESCh. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 14ESCh. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 16ESCh. 8.1 - Military Time. Evaluate each expression, where +...Ch. 8.1 - Military Time. Evaluate each expression, where +...Ch. 8.1 - Military Time. Evaluate each expression, where +...Ch. 8.1 - Military Time. Evaluate each expression, where +...Ch. 8.1 - Military Time. Evaluate each expression, where +...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 22ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 23ESCh. 8.1 - Military Time. Evaluate each expression, where +...Ch. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where + and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 26ESCh. 8.1 - Evaluate each expression, where + and indicate...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 28ESCh. 8.1 - Determine whether the congruence is true or false....Ch. 8.1 - Determine whether the congruence is true or false....Ch. 8.1 - Determine whether the congruence is true or false....Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 32ESCh. 8.1 - Determine whether the congruence is true or false....Ch. 8.1 - Determine whether the congruence is true or false....Ch. 8.1 - Determine whether the congruence is true or false....Ch. 8.1 - Determine whether the congruence is true or false....Ch. 8.1 - Determine whether the congruence is true or false....Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 38ESCh. 8.1 - List five different natural numbers that are...Ch. 8.1 - List five different natural numbers that are...Ch. 8.1 - Perform the modular arithmetic. (9+15)mod7Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 42ESCh. 8.1 - Perform the modular arithmetic. (5+22)mod8Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 44ESCh. 8.1 - Perform the modular arithmetic. (42+35)mod3Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 46ESCh. 8.1 - Perform the modular arithmetic. (37+45)mod12Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 48ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 49ESCh. 8.1 - Perform the modular arithmetic. (2510)mod4Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 51ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 52ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 53ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 54ESCh. 8.1 - Perform the modular arithmetic. (1532)mod7Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 56ESCh. 8.1 - Perform the modular arithmetic. (68)mod9Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 58ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 59ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 60ESCh. 8.1 - Perform the modular arithmetic. (1418)mod5Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 62ESCh. 8.1 - Clocks and Calendars. Use modular arithmetic to...Ch. 8.1 - Clocks and Calendars. Use modular arithmetic to...Ch. 8.1 - Clocks and Calendars. Use modular arithmetic to...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 66ESCh. 8.1 - Clocks and Calendars. Use modular arithmetic to...Ch. 8.1 - Clocks and Calendars. Use modular arithmetic to...Ch. 8.1 - Clocks and Calendars. Use modular arithmetic to...Ch. 8.1 - Clocks and Calendars. Use modular arithmetic to...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 71ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 72ESCh. 8.1 - Find all whole number solutions of the congruence...Ch. 8.1 - Find all whole number solutions of the congruence...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 75ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 76ESCh. 8.1 - Find all whole number solutions of the congruence...Ch. 8.1 - Find all whole number solutions of the congruence...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 79ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 80ESCh. 8.1 - Find all whole number solutions of the congruence...Ch. 8.1 - Find all whole number solutions of the congruence...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 83ESCh. 8.1 - Find the additive inverse and the multiplicative...Ch. 8.1 - Find the additive inverse and the multiplicative...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 86ESCh. 8.1 - Find the additive inverse and the multiplicative...Ch. 8.1 - Find the additive inverse and the multiplicative...Ch. 8.1 - Modular division can be performed by considering...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 90ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 91ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 92ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 93ESCh. 8.1 - Modular division can be performed by considering...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 95ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 96ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 97ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 98ESCh. 8.1 - Prob. 99ESCh. 8.1 - Many people consider the 13th of the month an...Ch. 8.2 - What is the ciphertext for the word CODE?Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2EECh. 8.2 - Prob. 3EECh. 8.2 - Prob. 4EECh. 8.2 - Prob. 5EECh. 8.2 - ISBN Numbers. Determine whether the given number...Ch. 8.2 - ISBN Numbers. Determine whether the given number...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3ESCh. 8.2 - Prob. 4ESCh. 8.2 - Prob. 5ESCh. 8.2 - ISBN Numbers. Determine whether the given number...Ch. 8.2 - ISBN Numbers. Determine the correct check digit...Ch. 8.2 - ISBN Numbers. Determine the correct check digit...Ch. 8.2 - ISBN Numbers. Determine the correct check digit...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 10ESCh. 8.2 - ISBN Numbers. Determine the correct check digit...Ch. 8.2 - ISBN Numbers. Determine the correct check digit...Ch. 8.2 - ISBN Numbers. Determine the correct check digit...Ch. 8.2 - ISBN Numbers. Determine the correct check digit...Ch. 8.2 - UPC Codes. Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8.2 - UPC Codes. Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8.2 - UPC Codes. Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8.2 - UPC Codes. Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8.2 - UPC Codes. Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8.2 - UPC Codes. Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8.2 - UPC Codes. Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8.2 - UPC Codes. Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 23ESCh. 8.2 - Prob. 24ESCh. 8.2 - Money Orders Some money orders have serial numbers...Ch. 8.2 - Money Orders Some money orders have serial numbers...Ch. 8.2 - Air Travel Many printed airline tickets contain a...Ch. 8.2 - Air Travel Many printed airline tickets contain a...Ch. 8.2 - Air Travel Many printed airline tickets contain a...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 30ESCh. 8.2 - Credit Card Numbers. Determine whether the given...Ch. 8.2 - Credit Card Numbers. Determine whether the given...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 33ESCh. 8.2 - Credit Card Numbers. Determine whether the given...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 35ESCh. 8.2 - Credit Card Numbers. Determine whether the given...Ch. 8.2 - Credit Card Numbers. Determine whether the given...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 38ESCh. 8.2 - Encryption. Encode the message by using a cyclical...Ch. 8.2 - Encryption. Encode the message by using a cyclical...Ch. 8.2 - Encryption. Encode the message by using a cyclical...Ch. 8.2 - Encryption. Encode the message by using a cyclical...Ch. 8.2 - Encryption. Encode the message by using a cyclical...Ch. 8.2 - Encryption. Encode the message by using a cyclical...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding. Use a cyclical alphabetic encrypting...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding. Use a cyclical alphabetic encrypting...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding. Use a cyclical alphabetic encrypting...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding. Use a cyclical alphabetic encrypting...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding, use a cyclical alphabetic encrypting...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding, use a cyclical alphabetic encrypting...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding, use a cyclical alphabetic encrypting...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding, use a cyclical alphabetic encrypting...Ch. 8.2 - Encryption Julius Caesar supposedly used an...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding Julius Caesar supposedly used an...Ch. 8.2 - Encryption Use the encrypting congruence...Ch. 8.2 - Encryption Use the encrypting congruence...Ch. 8.2 - Encryption Use the encrypting congruence...Ch. 8.2 - Encryption Use the encrypting congruence...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding Decode the message LOFT JGMK LBS MNWMK...Ch. 8.2 - Decoding Decode the message BTYW SCRBKN UCYN that...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 61ESCh. 8.2 - Decoding Decode the message GBBZ OJQBWJ TBR GJHI...Ch. 8.2 - Money Orders Explain why the method used to...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 64ESCh. 8.2 - Banking. When banks process an electronic funds...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1EECh. 8.3 - Prob. 2EECh. 8.3 - Prob. 3EECh. 8.3 - Prob. 4EECh. 8.3 - Prob. 5EECh. 8.3 - Prob. 1ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 3ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 4ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 5ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 6ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 7ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 8ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 9ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 10ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 11ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 12ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 13ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 14ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 15ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 16ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 17ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 18ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 19ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 20ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 21ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 22ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 23ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 24ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 25ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 26ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 27ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 28ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 29ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 30ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 31ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 32ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 33ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 34ESCh. 8.3 - Refer to the group of permutations of the numbers...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 36ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 37ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 38ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 39ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 40ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 41ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 42ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 43ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 44ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 45ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 46ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 47ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 48ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 49ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 50ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 51ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 52ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 53ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 54ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 55ESCh. 8.3 - Consider the set of elements a,b,c,d with the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 57ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 58ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 59ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 60ESCh. 8.3 - Prob. 61ESCh. 8 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8 - Evaluate each expression. Where + and indicate...Ch. 8 - Evaluate each expression. Where + and indicate...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11RECh. 8 - Prob. 12RECh. 8 - Prob. 13RECh. 8 - Prob. 14RECh. 8 - Prob. 15RECh. 8 - Prob. 16RECh. 8 - Prob. 17RECh. 8 - Prob. 18RECh. 8 - Prob. 19RECh. 8 - Prob. 20RECh. 8 - Prob. 21RECh. 8 - Prob. 22RECh. 8 - Clocks and Calendars. Use modular arithmetic to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 24RECh. 8 - Prob. 25RECh. 8 - Find all whole number solutions of the congruence...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27RECh. 8 - Prob. 28RECh. 8 - Prob. 29RECh. 8 - Prob. 30RECh. 8 - Prob. 31RECh. 8 - Prob. 32RECh. 8 - ISBN Numbers. Determine the correct check digit...Ch. 8 - ISBN Numbers. Determine the correct check digit...Ch. 8 - UPC Codes. Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8 - Prob. 36RECh. 8 - Prob. 37RECh. 8 - Prob. 38RECh. 8 - Prob. 39RECh. 8 - Prob. 40RECh. 8 - Encryption. Encode the message using a cyclical...Ch. 8 - Encryption. Encode the message using a cyclical...Ch. 8 - Encryption. Use a cyclical alphabetic encrypting...Ch. 8 - Prob. 44RECh. 8 - Encryption Use the encrypting congruence...Ch. 8 - Encryption Decode the message WEU LKGGMF NHM NMGN,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 47RECh. 8 - Prob. 48RECh. 8 - Prob. 49RECh. 8 - Prob. 50RECh. 8 - Prob. 51RECh. 8 - Prob. 52RECh. 8 - Prob. 53RECh. 8 - Use symbolic notation, shown below, for the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 55RECh. 8 - Prob. 56RECh. 8 - Prob. 57RECh. 8 - Prob. 58RECh. 8 - Evaluate each expression, where and indicate...Ch. 8 - January 1, 2017, was a Sunday. What day of the...Ch. 8 - Determine whether the congruence is true or false....Ch. 8 - Prob. 4TCh. 8 - Prob. 5TCh. 8 - Prob. 6TCh. 8 - Scheduling Disregarding A.M. or P.M., if it is now...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8TCh. 8 - Prob. 9TCh. 8 - Find the additive inverse and the multiplicative...Ch. 8 - ISBN Number Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8 - UPC Codes Determine the correct check digit for...Ch. 8 - Prob. 13TCh. 8 - Encryption Encrypt the plaintext message REPORT...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15TCh. 8 - Prob. 16TCh. 8 - Prob. 17TCh. 8 - Prob. 18TCh. 8 - In the permutation group of the numbers 1 2 3,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20T
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