Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 8TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some people argue that biochemical pathways are too complex to have evolved because all intermediate steps in a given pathway must be present to produce the final product. Critique this argument. How could you use the diversity of
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A dichotomous key works by determining positive and negative reactions to different biochemicals. Why does this method allow us to identify one species of organism from another? – for this question, do not describe the dichotomous key procedure, think about why it works, what are biochemical reactions based on? Think enzymatic pathways, what are enzymes, what are they a reflection of? Keep the answer between 2-3 sentences
Give one example of a disease related to heart and briefly explain the molecular basis of the disease. apply the concepts about the inter-relatedness of metabolic pathways.
Using a series of arrows, draw the branch metabolic reaction pathway described by the following statements, and then answer the questions at the end. Use red arrows and
X minus signs (-) to indicate inhibitions. The image below gives you an idea of how to start out for creating the pathway.
m
a. L can form either M or N
b. M can form O
c. O can form either P or R
d. P can form Q
e. R can form S
f. O inhibits the reaction of L to form M
g. Q inhibits the reaction of O to form P
h. S inhibits the reaction of O to form R
Which step(s), if any, in the above pathway above exhibit feedback inhibition?
Selected Answer:
Answers:
f and a
f, g, and hi
f and a
g
h
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How does the second law of...Ch. 8.1 - Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as...Ch. 8.1 - WHAT IF? If you place a teaspoon of sugar in the...Ch. 8.2 - Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen,...Ch. 8.2 - VISUAL SKILLS How would the processes of...Ch. 8.2 - WHAT IF? Some nighttime partygoers wear glow-in-...Ch. 8.3 - How does ATP typically transfer energy from an...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Does Figure 8.11a show passive...Ch. 8.4 - Many spontaneous reactions occur very slowly. Why...
Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8.4 - WHAT IF? Malonate is an inhibitor of the enzyme...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 8.5 - How do an activator and an inhibitor have...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8 - Explain how the highly ordered structure of a cell...Ch. 8 - Explain the meaning of each component in the...Ch. 8 - Describe the ATP cycle: How is ATP used and...Ch. 8 - How do both activation energy barriers and enzymes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5CRCh. 8 - Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 8 - Which of the following metabolic processes can...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 8 - Some bacteria art metabolically active in hot...Ch. 8 - If an enzyme is added to a solution where its...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Some people argue that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 8 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY AND MATTER Life...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYU
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- The figure above represents changes in different types of metabolic pathways (y-axis) as energy charge in a cell (x-axis) changes. What is the best description of the types of reactions shown by the green line labeled "A"? a) Catabolic, energy-consuming pathways b) Anabolic, energy-consuming pathways c) Anabolic, energy-producing pathways d) Catabolic, energy-producing pathwaysarrow_forwardWould you describe metabolic pathways as inherently wasteful or inherently economical, and why?arrow_forwardMetabolism is essential to life and is the process by which cells make energy to carry out all of the processes required for them to survive. Metabolism requires that the organism transport substances from the environment into the cell to utilize in their metabolic pathways. Bacteria have a diverse array of potential metabolic processes to make energy. Given the information below (A. and B.), describe how the organisms would make ATP in the environment they are found. Make sure to discuss in detail each of the pathways, including the starting products, end products, components of the ETC (if applicable), how the cell makes ATP during this process, where in the cell each of these pathways occur and the transport mechanism(s) utilized to move the starting products from the environment into the cell. An anaerobic organism that is only able to ferment lactose.arrow_forward
- Part A: Say that a cell is running a metabolic pathway that follows the same pattern as the diagram and something happens that prevents enzyme 3 from reacting normally. Of the following options, which one is the end result of this interrupted metabolic pathway? Part B: for this reaction to be an example of feedback inhibition, the ____ would have to be blocking enzyme 3. Answer choices: • pH • Product • Salinityarrow_forward– Why are metabolic pathways so similar in many organisms?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true about metabolic pathways in general? They can be anabolic or catabolic They can be both energy-releasing (exergonic) and energy-requiring (endergonic) They are often made up of a series of chemical reactions They often have multiple different enzymes working in the same pathway Each metabolic pathway is entirely separate and does not interact or connect at all with other metabolic pathwaysarrow_forward
- Look at the cellular respiration reaction. What reactants and/or catalysts (enzymes) does the yeast supply? What does the juice supply? What is the product of respiration that we need? In other words, why do organisms need cellular respiration? Propose an alternative experiment to test rates of cellular respiration besides measuring acid production (hint: look at the reaction equation). Do some reading and discuss some applications of fermentation in biotechnology, food production, or medicine.arrow_forwardCompare the "Lock and key "model with the "induced fit" model of enzymesarrow_forwardThe products of a pathway, or the products of specific reactions in the pathway, will often inhibit upstream regulatory enzymes in that pathway. That makes sense - if the products of a pathway are abundant, then the pathway can be shut off to save energy or divert molecules into other pathways. We can use a similar rule of thumb to predict whether a pathway will be active in different biological states. For example, the liver stores glucose (in the form of glycogen), and will release glucose into the bloodstream when blood sugar levels drop. This glucose can come from the synthesis of glucose or breakdown of stored glycogen. This is important for maintaining blood sugar levels. What would you predict is the relationship between blood sugar levels and glycogen phosphorylase enzyme activity? A positive relationship (when blood sugar levels are high, glycogen phosphorylase activity is also high). A negative relationship (when blood sugar levels are high, glycogen phosphorylase activity…arrow_forward
- A very special property of enzymes is Feedback inhibition. What is feedback inhibition? Draw a hypothetical cyclic pathway where in there are 7 reactions to show feedback inhibition.arrow_forwardFor each of the statements below about the dUTPase enzyme, mark whether it is true or false. If it is false, change the language to make the statement true. _______If the dUTPase enzyme is the rate determining step in a larger metabolic pathway, the reaction likely lies near to equilibrium and is irreversible. _______For the dUTPase reaction, it is not likely that DG’ = DG°’ _______ dUTPase has a higher affinity for its substrate than for its product, but both of these are higher than the affinity for the transition state _______Kinetic analysis of dUTPase using Michaelis-Menten methods assumes that the formation of the E*S complex has a large negative value for DGarrow_forwardInquiry and Analysis Do Enzymes Physically Attach to Their Substrates? When scientists first began to examine the chemical activities of organisms, no one knew that biochemical reactions were catalyzed by enzymes. The first enzyme was discovered in 1833 by French chemist Anselme Payen. He was studying how beer is made from barley: First, barley is pressed and gently heated so its starches break down into simple two-sugar units; then yeasts convert these units into ethanol. Payen found that the initial breakdown requires a chemical factor that is not alive and that does not seem to be used up during the process-a catalyst. He called this first enzyme diastase (we call it amylase today). Did this catalyst operate at a distance, increasing the reaction rate all around it, much as raising the temperature of nearby molecules might do? Or did it use physical contact, actually attaching to the molecules whose reaction it catalyzed (its "substrate")? The answer was discovered in 1903 by French…arrow_forward
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