PKG ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259963667
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.7P
Several factors can affect
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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
2NO2 (g) = N2O4(g)
AGº = -5.4 kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.53 atm of dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) at 279. °C. Answer the following questions about this system:
Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2O4 tend to rise or fall?
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO2?
In other words, if you said the pressure of N2O4 will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO2? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of N2O4 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
'2'
rise by adding NO2?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of NO 2 needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
00
rise
☐ x10
fall
yes
no
☐ atm
G
Ar
1
Why do we analyse salt?
Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using
the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved
electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or
mechanistic step(s).
Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making
steps.
H
H
CH3OH, H+
H
Select to Add Arrows
H°
0:0
'H
+
Q
HH
■ Select to Add Arrows
CH3OH,
H*
H.
H
CH3OH, H+
HH
■ Select to Add Arrows i
Please select a drawing or reagent from the question area
Chapter 8 Solutions
PKG ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Ch. 8 - Problem 8.1 Label the and carbons in each alkyl...Ch. 8 - Problem 8.2 Classify each alkene in the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.4PCh. 8 - Problem 8.5 Label each pair of alkenes as...Ch. 8 - Problem 8.6 Which alkene in each pair is more...Ch. 8 - Problem 8.7 Several factors can affect alkene...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.8PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.9PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.10P
Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.11PCh. 8 - Problem 8.12 What alkenes are formed from each...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.13PCh. 8 - Problem 8.14 What alkenes are formed from each...Ch. 8 - Problem 8.15 How does each of the following...Ch. 8 - Problem 8.16 Draw both the SN1 and E1 products of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.17PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.18PCh. 8 - Problem 8.19 Explain why...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.20PCh. 8 - Problem 8.21 Draw the alkynes formed when each...Ch. 8 - Problem 8.22 Draw the products in each...Ch. 8 - Problem 8.23 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the...Ch. 8 - 8.24 Rank the alkenes shown in the ball-and-stick...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.25PCh. 8 - 8.26 What is the major E2 elimination product...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.27PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.28PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.29PCh. 8 - 8.30 Label each pair of alkenes as constitutional...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.31PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.32PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.33PCh. 8 - For each of the following alkenes, draw the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.35PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.36PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.37PCh. 8 - What alkene is the major product formed from each...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.39PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.40PCh. 8 - Pick the reactant or solvent in each part that...Ch. 8 - 8.42 In the dehydrohalogenation of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.43PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.44PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.45PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.46PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.47PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.48PCh. 8 - What alkyl chloride affords the following alkene...Ch. 8 - Draw the products formed when each dihalide is...Ch. 8 - Draw the structure of a dihalide that could be...Ch. 8 - Under certain reaction conditions, 2,...Ch. 8 - For which reaction mechanisms, SN1, SN2, E1 or...Ch. 8 - Draw the organic products formed in each...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.55PCh. 8 - Draw all products, including stereoisomers, in...Ch. 8 - Draw all of the substitution and elimination...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.58PCh. 8 - 8.59 Draw a stepwise, detailed mechanism for each...Ch. 8 - Draw the major product formed when...Ch. 8 - Draw a stepwise, detailed mechanism for the...Ch. 8 - Explain why the reaction of with gives ...Ch. 8 - Draw a stepwise detailed mechanism that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.64PCh. 8 - 8.65 Explain the selectivity observed in the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.66PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.67PCh. 8 - 8.68 (a) Draw all products formed by treatment of...
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- What are examples of analytical methods that can be used to analyse salt in tomato sauce?arrow_forwardA common alkene starting material is shown below. Predict the major product for each reaction. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate the relative stereochemistry of substituents on asymmetric centers, where applicable. Ignore any inorganic byproducts H Šali OH H OH Select to Edit Select to Draw 1. BH3-THF 1. Hg(OAc)2, H2O =U= 2. H2O2, NaOH 2. NaBH4, NaOH + Please select a drawing or reagent from the question areaarrow_forwardWhat is the MOHR titration & AOAC method? What is it and how does it work? How can it be used to quantify salt in a sample?arrow_forward
- Predict the major products of this reaction. Cl₂ hv ? Draw only the major product or products in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. If there will be no products because there will be no significant reaction, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Note for advanced students: you can ignore any products of repeated addition. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 80 10 m 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility DII A F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 EO F11arrow_forwardGiven a system with an anodic overpotential, the variation of η as a function of current density- at low fields is linear.- at higher fields, it follows Tafel's law.Calculate the range of current densities for which the overpotential has the same value when calculated for both cases (the maximum relative difference will be 5%, compared to the behavior for higher fields).arrow_forwardUsing reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) AGº = -34. KJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.06 atm of nitrogen (N2) and 2.58 atm of ammonia (NH3) at 106. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2 tend to rise or fall? ☐ x10 fall Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂? In other words, if you said the pressure of N2 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H2? Similarly, if you said the pressure of N will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding H₂? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no ☐ atm Х ด ? olo 18 Ararrow_forward
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