Introduction to Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073523002
Author: Rich Bauer, James Birk Professor Dr., Pamela S. Marks
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 86QP
Explain how nonbonding pairs of electrons influence molecular shape.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Introduction to Chemistry
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1QCCh. 8 - Prob. 2QCCh. 8 - Prob. 3QCCh. 8 - Prob. 4QCCh. 8 - Prob. 5QCCh. 8 - Prob. 1PPCh. 8 - Prob. 2PPCh. 8 - Prob. 3PPCh. 8 - Prob. 4PPCh. 8 - Prob. 5PP
Ch. 8 - Prob. 6PPCh. 8 - Prob. 7PPCh. 8 - Prob. 8PPCh. 8 - Prob. 9PPCh. 8 - Prob. 10PPCh. 8 - Prob. 11PPCh. 8 - Prob. 1QPCh. 8 - Prob. 2QPCh. 8 - What is a chemical bond?Ch. 8 - Describe the difference between ionic and covalent...Ch. 8 - Which type of elements are most likely to form...Ch. 8 - Which type of elements are most likely to form...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7QPCh. 8 - Which of the following compounds are likely to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 9QPCh. 8 - Prob. 10QPCh. 8 - Prob. 13QPCh. 8 - Which of the following compounds are likely to...Ch. 8 - Predict whether each of the following substances...Ch. 8 - Prob. 16QPCh. 8 - Describe how electronegativity values change going...Ch. 8 - Compare the electronegativity of metallic and...Ch. 8 - What kind of bonds are always nonpolar?Ch. 8 - Describe how to decide whether a bond is polar.Ch. 8 - Prob. 21QPCh. 8 - Using periodic trends, arrange the following atoms...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23QPCh. 8 - Prob. 24QPCh. 8 - Prob. 25QPCh. 8 - Arrange the following bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 8 - What information can be determine from Lewis...Ch. 8 - What is the maximum number of valence electrons...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis symbols showing the valence electrons...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis symbols showing the valence electrons...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis symbols showing the valence electrons...Ch. 8 - Prob. 32QPCh. 8 - Write a formula for each of the following ionic...Ch. 8 - Write a formula for each of the following ionic...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35QPCh. 8 - Prob. 36QPCh. 8 - Prob. 37QPCh. 8 - Prob. 38QPCh. 8 - Prob. 39QPCh. 8 - What holds ions together in a crystal lattice?Ch. 8 - Describe the sodium chloride structure shown in...Ch. 8 - Describe the cesium chloride structure shown in...Ch. 8 - Why does CaF2 have a different crystal structure...Ch. 8 - Prob. 44QPCh. 8 - Draw the Lewis structures for O2andF2. (a) How...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structures for I2andN2. (a) How...Ch. 8 - Why does hydrogen exist as a diatomic molecules?Ch. 8 - How many electrons does each hydrogen have in the...Ch. 8 - How many single bonds are typically formed by the...Ch. 8 - How many single bonds are typically formed by the...Ch. 8 - Identify a main-group element (X) could form each...Ch. 8 - Identify a main-group element (X) could form each...Ch. 8 - Prob. 53QPCh. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following:...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following:...Ch. 8 - Prob. 56QPCh. 8 - Prob. 57QPCh. 8 - Prob. 58QPCh. 8 - Prob. 59QPCh. 8 - How is the concept of resonance consistence with...Ch. 8 - Prob. 61QPCh. 8 - Indicate whether or not each of the following...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure, include the resonance...Ch. 8 - Prob. 64QPCh. 8 - In HF, the hydrogen atoms shares two electrons...Ch. 8 - Describe the bonding in S2Cl2. The atom are...Ch. 8 - Decide whether the indicated atoms obeys the octet...Ch. 8 - Decide whether the indicated atom obeys the octet...Ch. 8 - An atom of the following molecules does not obey...Ch. 8 - An atom of the following molecules does not obey...Ch. 8 - Prob. 71QPCh. 8 - Prob. 72QPCh. 8 - Draw the Lewis structure of benzene, C6H6, a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 74QPCh. 8 - Prob. 75QPCh. 8 - Prob. 76QPCh. 8 - Prob. 77QPCh. 8 - Prob. 78QPCh. 8 - Identify the class of class of substance for each...Ch. 8 - Prob. 80QPCh. 8 - Draw the Lewis structure for an aldehyde that has...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structure for ketone that has the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 83QPCh. 8 - Why are unshared pairs of electrons on a central...Ch. 8 - Why is it important to draw Lewis structures...Ch. 8 - Explain how nonbonding pairs of electrons...Ch. 8 - Draw each of the following geometric arrangements....Ch. 8 - In which of the following molecular shapes would...Ch. 8 - Predict the parent structures of the following...Ch. 8 - Predict the parent structures of the following...Ch. 8 - Predict the parent structures of the following...Ch. 8 - Predict the shapes and gives approximate bond...Ch. 8 - Predict the bond angles in the following...Ch. 8 - Predict the bond angles in the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 95QPCh. 8 - Prob. 96QPCh. 8 - Prob. 97QPCh. 8 - Prob. 98QPCh. 8 - Is this the shape of NO3 or ClO3?Ch. 8 - Is this shape of
Ch. 8 - Which of the following molecules or ions have...Ch. 8 - Which of the following molecules or ions have...Ch. 8 - Hydrazine, N2H4, is a colorless, oily liquid that...Ch. 8 - Oxalic acid, H2C2O4, a poisonous colorless solid,...Ch. 8 - Chloropicrin, Cl3CNO2, is an insecticide that has...Ch. 8 - Fuel cell are used in many areas, such as the...Ch. 8 - Distinguish between bond polarity and molecular...Ch. 8 - Why does molecular polarity depend not only on...Ch. 8 - Explain how carbon tetrachloride can have polar...Ch. 8 - Explain why hydrocarbons are all essentially...Ch. 8 - Are the following molecules polar or nonpolar?...Ch. 8 - Are the following molecules polar or nonpolar?...Ch. 8 - For each pair of molecules decide which molecule...Ch. 8 - Explain why the first molecule of each pair is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 115QPCh. 8 - Prob. 116QPCh. 8 - Which molecule, CF4orCCl2F2, is most likely to be...Ch. 8 - Which molecule, SO2orCO2, is most likely to be...Ch. 8 - Which of these molecules is polar? Assume the...Ch. 8 - Which of these molecules is polar? Assume the...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis symbols showing the valence electrons...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis symbols showing the valence electrons...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following atoms in order of decreasing...Ch. 8 - Prob. 124QPCh. 8 - Classify each of the following substances...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following....Ch. 8 - Prob. 127QPCh. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure, including the resonance...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structure for each of the...Ch. 8 - Gaseous aluminium chloride exists as a dimer,...Ch. 8 - Describe the molecular shape of each of the...Ch. 8 - Describe the structure and bonding in sulfuric...Ch. 8 - Decide which of each pair of gaseous molecules is...Ch. 8 - Which of the following are nonpolar molecules,...Ch. 8 - For each pair of molecules decide which molecule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 136QPCh. 8 - Predict whether each of the following substances...Ch. 8 - Predict whether each of the following substances...Ch. 8 - Prob. 139QPCh. 8 - Prob. 140QPCh. 8 - There are two different alcohols with the formula...Ch. 8 - The proteins in our bodies are built from small...Ch. 8 - Prob. 143QPCh. 8 - Plastic food storage containers are often made of...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structure for a ketone containing...Ch. 8 - Compare the molecular shape around each carbon...Ch. 8 - Which compound contains both covalent and ionic...Ch. 8 - The bonds in O3 are expected to be A. ionic...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is a true statement about...Ch. 8 - Which of the following bonds is most polar?...Ch. 8 - Which of the following always violets the octet...Ch. 8 - Identify the main-group element X that could form...Ch. 8 - Which of the following has a Lewis structure most...Ch. 8 - Which of the following has a double bond?...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements about resonance...Ch. 8 - Prob. 156QPCh. 8 - Which of the following molecules has a bent...Ch. 8 - Which of the following molecules is polar?...
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- What is the most polar bond in the molecule?arrow_forwardAccording to the VSEPR model, what are the arrangements of two, three, four, five, and six valence-shell electron pairs about an atom?arrow_forwardWhat aspect of the following Lewis structure indicates that the concept of coordinate covalency is needed to explain the bonding in the molecule?arrow_forward
- Describe how the electron geometry changes if you replace a bond with a lone pair. Then, describe how the molecule geometry changes if you replace a bond with a lone pair.arrow_forwardIn VSEPR theory, when considering the electron-pair geometry, single bonds, double bonds, and lone pair electrons all count the same when determine the number of electron regions around the central atom. COO O True O Falsearrow_forwardStep 1 – Write the Lewis structure from the molecular formula.Step 2 – Assign an electron-group arrangement by counting all electron groups (bonding plus nonbonding) around the central atom (or around each centralatom, if more than one central atom in structure).Step 3 – Predict the ideal bond angle from the electron-group arrangement and the effect of any deviation caused by lone pairs or double bonds.Step 4 – Name the molecular shape by counting bonding groups and nonbonding groups separately.Step 5 – Predict whether the molecule is polar or nonpolarStep 6 – Describe the hybridization around the central atom and identify the total number of σ and π bonds in the structurearrow_forward
- What is the molecular geometry (same as molecular shape) if you have 2 single bonds, 1 doubles bond and 1 lone pair around the center atom?arrow_forwardWhy do we have to determine the molecular geometry of molecules? What are the important data that you need before constructing the molecular model of a moleculearrow_forwardUsing the seesaw molecular geometry, choose a molecule that differs by only one atom to explain how a given shape can be both polar and non-polararrow_forward
- Explain the difference between a nonpolar covalent bond , a polar covalent bond , and an ionic bond . Make sure to describe what happens to valence electrons in each case .arrow_forwardDetermine the molecular geometry and polarity (polar or nonpolar) for carbon tetrafluoride. Fill in the boxes below.Molecular geometry: polarity:arrow_forwardWhat effect does the presence of lone-pair electrons have on the bond angles in a molecule?arrow_forward
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