Chapter 8, Problem 8.50P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The group with high endothermic ${\text{IE}}_1$ and that with very negative ${\text{EA}}_1$ is to be determined. Also, the charge on the ions formed by the atoms is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The electron affinity is the amount of energy required when an electron is added to the neutral isolated gaseous atom. It is represented by $\text{EA}$.

When the first electron is added to the neutral atom then the energy released is called the first electron affinity $\left({\text{EA}}_1\right)$. It has negative values. Similarly when the second electron is added to the negatively charged anion then the energy is to be supplied as the second electron affinity $\left({\text{EA}}_2\right)$. It has positive values.

The ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound valence electrons from an isolated neutral gaseous atom. It is represented by IE.

When the first electron is removed from a neutral, isolated gaseous atom then the ionization energy is known as the first ionization energy $\left({\text{IE}}_1\right)$. Similarly, when the second electron is removed from the positively charged cation the ionization energy is called the second ionization energy $\left({\text{IE}}_2\right)$ and so on.