Chapter 8, Problem 8.48P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the increase in the successive $\text{IEs}$ of a given element is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound valence electrons from an isolated neutral gaseous atom. It is represented by IE.

When the first electron is removed from the parent atom it is called first ionization energy $\left({\text{IE}}_1\right)$, when the second electron is removed then it is called second ionization energy $\left({\text{IE}}_2\right)$ and so on.

Its value varies with the ease of removal of the outermost valence electron. If the outermost electron is removed very easily then the value of ionization energy is very small. If the electron is removed with quite difficulty then the value of ionization energy will be very high. It increases along the period and decreases from top to bottom in a group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The nature of the element’s electronic configuration when the difference between the successive $\text{IEs}$ of a given element is exceptionally large(between ${\text{IE}}_1$ and ${\text{IE}}_2$ of $\text{K}$) is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound valence electrons from an isolated neutral gaseous atom. It is represented by IE.

When the first electron is removed from the parent atom it is called first ionization energy $\left({\text{IE}}_1\right)$, when the second electron is removed then it is called second ionization energy $\left({\text{IE}}_2\right)$ and so on.

Its value varies with the ease of removal of the outermost valence electron. If the outermost electron is removed very easily then the value of ionization energy is very small. If the electron is removed with quite difficulty then the value of ionization energy will be very high. It increases along the period and decreases from top to bottom in a group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element and its complete electronic configuration if it is assumed to belong to the following is to be determined.

$\left(\text{i}\right)$ Period 2

$\left(\text{ii}\right)$ Period 3

$\left(\text{iii}\right)$ Period 4

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbitals. It is used to predict the physical and chemical properties of the elements.

A period in the periodic table is a row of the chemical elements. There are seven periods in the periodic table. All the elements of the same period have same number of atomic orbitals.