Chapter 8, Problem 8.44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element and its condensed ground state electronic configuration with excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}3p^1$ are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

The lower stable energy level is known as the ground state whereas the higher unstable energy level is called the excited state. Elements in the excited state have much tendency to lose energy and come back to the ground state.

Answer to Problem 8.44P

The element with the excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}3p^1$ is magnesium and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3s^2$.

Explanation of Solution

The excited state electronic configuration of the given element is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}3p^1$. This indicates the element belongs to the 3^rd period of the periodic table. The excited $3p$ electron returns to the $3s$ orbital with the release of energy. So the element of the 3rd period that has two electrons in the $3s$ orbital is magnesium $\left(\text{Mg};\text{Z}=12\right)$ and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3s^2$.

Conclusion

The given element is magnesium and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3s^2$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element and its condensed ground state electronic configuration with excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{4}4s^1$ are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

The lower stable energy level is known as the ground state whereas the higher unstable energy level is called the excited state. Elements in the excited state have much tendency to lose energy and come back to the ground state.

Answer to Problem 8.44P

The element with the excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{4}4s^1$ is chlorine and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3s^{2}3p^5$.

Explanation of Solution

The excited state electronic configuration of the given element is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{4}4s^1$. This indicates the element belongs to the 3^rd period of the periodic table. The excited $4s$ electron returns to the $3p$ orbital with the release of energy. So the element of the 3rd period that has five electrons in the $3p$ orbital is chlorine and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3s^{2}3p^5$.

Conclusion

The given element is chlorine and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{Ne}\right]3s^{2}3p^5$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element and its condensed ground state electronic configuration with excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{4}4p^1$ are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

The lower stable energy level is known as the ground state whereas the higher unstable energy level is called the excited state. Elements in the excited state have much tendency to lose energy and come back to the ground state.

Answer to Problem 8.44P

The element with the excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{4}4p^1$ is manganese and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]\text{}4s^{2}3d^5$.

Explanation of Solution

The excited state electronic configuration of the given element is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{4}4p^1$. This indicates the element belongs to the 4^th period of the periodic table. The excited $4p$ electron returns to the $3d$ orbital with the release of energy. So the element of the 4^th period that has five electrons in the $3d$ orbital is manganese and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]\text{}4s^{2}3d^5$.

Conclusion

The given element is manganese and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{Ar}\right]\text{}4s^{2}3d^5$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element and its condensed ground state electronic configuration with excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{5}3s^1$ are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

The lower stable energy level is known as the ground state whereas the higher unstable energy level is called the excited state. Elements in the excited state have much tendency to lose energy and come back to the ground state.

Answer to Problem 8.44P

The element with the excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{5}3s^1$ is neon and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{He}\right]\text{}2s^{2}2p^6$.

Explanation of Solution

The excited state electronic configuration of the given element is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{5}3s^1$. This indicates the element belongs to the 2^nd period of the periodic table. The excited $3s$ electron returns to the $2p$ orbital with the release of energy. So the element of the 2^nd period that has six electrons in the $2p$ orbital is neon and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{He}\right]\text{}2s^{2}2p^6$.

Conclusion

The given element is neon and its condensed ground state electronic configuration is $\left[\text{He}\right]\text{}2s^{2}2p^6$.