University Physics Volume 3
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168185
Author: William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 8.3CYU
Check Your Understanding X-rays are produced by bombarding a metal target with high-energy electrons. If the target is replaced by another with two times the atomic number, what happens to the frequency of X-rays?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
J 5
Question 2 (1) Assume that the average energy of β-rays (electrons) emitted from the S-ray source is 0.8 MeV, and the average ionization energy of gas molecules (atoms) in the GM counter tube is about 30 eV. Find the number of gas molecules ionized when one electron enters the GM tube (1MeV = 10°eV). (2) Assuming that the electrons and cations thus generated are attracted to the electrode as they are, what is the total amount of negative charge generated by ionization in C (coulombs)? (3) If this ionization takes 10-4s, what is the current flowing through the anode?
An atom in an excited state has a mass of 63.332 and then decays to a mass of 63.329 amu by emitting 3 x-rays of equal energy. a) What is the energy (in keV) and wavelength of each x-ray? b) If one of these X-rays is absorbed by a neighbouring atom and ejects a K-shell electron, what is the velocity of the electron? (note: K-shell binding energy is 43 keV)
An 8.3 MeV alpha particle is shot directly toward the nucleus of a gold atom (atomic number 79). What is the distance of closest approach of the alpha particle to the nucleus?
Chapter 8 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding Can the magnitude of...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding If the Stem-Gerlach...Ch. 8 - Check Your Understanding X-rays are produced by...Ch. 8 - Identify the physical significance of each of the...Ch. 8 - Describe the ground state of hydrogen in terms of...Ch. 8 - Distinguish between Bohr’s and Schiödinger’s model...Ch. 8 - Explain why spectral lines of the hydrogen atom...Ch. 8 - A hydrogen atom is placed in a magnetic field....Ch. 8 - On what factors does the orbital magnetic dipole...Ch. 8 - Explain how a hydrogen atom in the ground state (l...
Ch. 8 - Compare orbital angular momentum with spin angular...Ch. 8 - List all the possible values of s and msfor an...Ch. 8 - Are the angular momentum vectors L necessarily S...Ch. 8 - What is spin-orbit coupling?Ch. 8 - What is Pauli's exclusion principle? Explain the...Ch. 8 - Compare the electron configurations of the...Ch. 8 - Compare the electron configurations of the...Ch. 8 - Atomic and molecular spectra are discrete. What...Ch. 8 - Discuss the process of the absorption of light by...Ch. 8 - NGC1763 is an emission nebula in the Large...Ch. 8 - Why are X-rays emitted only for electron...Ch. 8 - How do the allowed orbits for electrons in atoms...Ch. 8 - Distinguish between coherent and monochromatic...Ch. 8 - Why is a metastable state necessary for the...Ch. 8 - How does light from an incandescent light bulb...Ch. 8 - How is a Blu-Ray player able to read more...Ch. 8 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 8 - The wave function is evaluated at rectangular...Ch. 8 - If an atom has an election in the n = 5 state with...Ch. 8 - What are the possible values of m for an electron...Ch. 8 - What, if any, constraints does a value of m = 1...Ch. 8 - What are the possible values of m for an electron...Ch. 8 - (a) How many angles can L make with the z-axis for...Ch. 8 - The force on an electron is “negative the gradient...Ch. 8 - What is the total number of states with orbital...Ch. 8 - The wave function is evaluated at spherical...Ch. 8 - Coulomb's force law states that the force between...Ch. 8 - Write an expression for the total number of states...Ch. 8 - Consider hydrogen in the ground state, 100 . (a)...Ch. 8 - What is the probability that the is electron of a...Ch. 8 - How many polar angles are possible for an electron...Ch. 8 - What is the maximum number of orbital angular...Ch. 8 - What is the maximum number of orbital angular...Ch. 8 - Find die magnitude of the orbital magnetic dipole...Ch. 8 - A current of I = 2A flows through a square-shaped...Ch. 8 - Estimate the ratio of the electron magnetic moment...Ch. 8 - Find die magnitude of the orbital magnetic dipole...Ch. 8 - For a 3d electron in an external magnetic field of...Ch. 8 - An electron in a hydrogen atom is in the n = 5, l...Ch. 8 - Find the minimum torque magnitude that acts on...Ch. 8 - An election in a hydrogen atom is in 3p state....Ch. 8 - Show that U=B . (Hint: An infinitesimal amount of...Ch. 8 - What is the magnitude of the spin momentum of an...Ch. 8 - What are the possible polar orientations of the...Ch. 8 - For n = 1, write all the possible sets of quantum...Ch. 8 - A hydrogen atom is placed in an external uniform...Ch. 8 - If the magnetic field in the preceding problem is...Ch. 8 - If the magnetic moment in the preceding problem is...Ch. 8 - For n = 2, write all the possible sets of quantum...Ch. 8 - (a) How many electrons can be in the n = 4 shell?...Ch. 8 - (a) What is the minimum value of l for a subshell...Ch. 8 - Unreasonable result. Which of die following...Ch. 8 - Write the electron configuration for potassium.Ch. 8 - Write the election configuration for iron.Ch. 8 - The valence election of potassium is excited to a...Ch. 8 - (a) If one subshell of an atom has nine electrons...Ch. 8 - Write the electron configuration for magnesium.Ch. 8 - Write the electron configuration for carbon.Ch. 8 - The magnitudes of the resultant spins of the...Ch. 8 - What is the minimum frequency of a photon required...Ch. 8 - The ion Li2+ makes ail atomic transition from ail...Ch. 8 - The red light emitted by a ruby laser has a...Ch. 8 - The yellow light from a sodium-vapor street lamp...Ch. 8 - Estimate the frequency of the KaX-ray from cesium.Ch. 8 - Estimate the frequency of the K X-ray from cesium.Ch. 8 - X-rays are produced by striking a target with a...Ch. 8 - For the preceding problem, what happens to the...Ch. 8 - Suppose the experiment in the preceding problem is...Ch. 8 - An X-ray tube accelerates an electron with an...Ch. 8 - A color television tube generates some X-rays when...Ch. 8 - An X-ray tube has an applied voltage of 100 kV....Ch. 8 - The maximum characteristic X-ray photon energy...Ch. 8 - What are the approximate energies of the K and...Ch. 8 - Compare the X-ray photon wavelengths for copper...Ch. 8 - The approximate energies of the K and K X-rays for...Ch. 8 - A carbon dioxide laser used in surgery emits...Ch. 8 - An excimer laser used for vision correction emits...Ch. 8 - For a hydrogen atom in an excited state with...Ch. 8 - What is the probability that the Is electron of...Ch. 8 - Sketch the potential energy function of an...Ch. 8 - Find the value of l, the orbital angular momentum...Ch. 8 - Show that the maximum number of orbital angular...Ch. 8 - What is the magnitude of an electron magnetic...Ch. 8 - What is the maximum number of electron states n =...Ch. 8 - A ground-state hydrogen atom is placed in a...Ch. 8 - Show that the maximum number of electron states...Ch. 8 - The valence election of chlorine is excited to a...Ch. 8 - Which of the following notations are allowed (that...Ch. 8 - The ion Be3+ makes an atomic transition from an n...Ch. 8 - The maximum characteristic X-ray photon energy...Ch. 8 - Derive an expression for the ratio of X-ray photon...Ch. 8 - Compare the X-ray photon wavelengths for copper...Ch. 8 - (a) What voltage must be applied to an X-ray tube...Ch. 8 - A student in a physics laboratory observes a...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
(a) At what speed would a 2.00104 -kg airplane have to fly to have a momentum of 1.60109kgm/s (the same as the ...
College Physics
1. A person gets in an elevator on the ground floor and rides it to the top floor of a building. Sketch a veloc...
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
2. A kidnapper demands a 40.0 kg cube of platinum as a ransom. What is the length of a side?
College Physics (10th Edition)
21. Two -diameter aluminum electrodes are spaced apart.
The electrodes are connected to a battery.
...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
The pV-diagram of the Carnot cycle.
Sears And Zemansky's University Physics With Modern Physics
11. (II) What is the linear speed, due to the Earth's rotation, of a point (a) on the equator, (b) on the Arcti...
Physics: Principles with Applications
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- X-rays are produced by striking a target with a beam of electrons. Prior to striking the target, the electrons are accelerated by ail electric field through a potential energy difference: U=eV, where e is the charge of an electron and V is the voltage difference. If V = 15,000 volts, what is the minimum wavelength of the emitted radiation?arrow_forwardWhy does the energy of characteristic x rays become increasingly greater for heavier atoms?arrow_forwardAlpha particles are scattered from a thin aluminum foil. At what alpha-particle kinetic energy would you expect the Rutherford formula to fail because the alpha particle enters the aluminum nucleus? Assume r = 1.9 fm for the alpha particle and 3.6 fm for the aluminum nucleus.arrow_forward
- A beta-minus particle undergoes a Bremsstrahlung interaction with the nucleus of a tungsten atom. Before the interaction, the beta-minus particle had 690 keV of kinetic energy, and the energy of the Bremsstrahlung photon is 75 keV. How much energy is retained by the beta- minus particle?arrow_forward2.8 pm photons interact with free electrons from a carbon target. what will be the energy minimum that photons will be able to emerge from such a scenario?arrow_forwardUV radiation having a 300-nm wavelength falls on uranium metal, ejecting 0.500-eV electrons. What is the binding energy of electrons to uranium metal?arrow_forward
- Nuclear radii may be measured by scattering high-energy electrons from nuclei. (a) What is the de Broglie wavelength for 172 MeV electrons? (b) Are these electrons suitable probes for this purpose? (a) Number i 9.37e-14 Units fm (b) yesarrow_forwardwhat is the difference in wavelength between (electron and neutron nd x-rays)arrow_forwardIn Rutherford's scattering of alpha-particles in a thin gold foil, one neglects the effect of atomic electrons on the alpha-particles. Why?arrow_forward
- When an alpha particle collides elastically with a nucleus, the nucleus recoils. Suppose a 5.00 MeV alpha particle has a headon elastic collision with a gold nucleus that is initially at rest.What is the kinetic energy of (a) the recoiling nucleus and (b) the rebounding alpha particle?arrow_forwardPROBLEM: The lifetime of a nucleus in an excited state is 10-12s. Calculate the probable uncertainty in the energy and frequency of a y-ray photon emitted by it.arrow_forwardWhen a sample atom absorbs energy, an electron is ejected from it. We can find the orbital energy of the ejected electron by knowing the energy of the radiation and measuring the ionization energy. Here are the energy differences that were determined from the observation. △E2->1 = 4.098x10-17 j, △E3->1 = 4.854x10-17 j△, E5->1 = 5.242x10-17 j△, E4->2 = 1.024x10-17 j. Find the energy change and the wavelength of a photon emitted in the following transitions. a.)Level 3 -> 1 b.)Level 4 -> 1 c.)Level 5 -> 4arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- University Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStaxModern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage LearningCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax College
- College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 3
Physics
ISBN:9781938168185
Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax
Modern Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781111794378
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning