(a) Interpretation: The final temperature of the ethanol water mixture is to be determined. Concept introduction: In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as: i n p u t + g e n e r a t i o n − o u t p u t − c o n s u m p u m t i o n = a c c u m u l a t i o n Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system. All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables. Specific heat capacity ( C p ) of a substance is the amount of heat needed for a unit mass of substance to raise its temperature by 1 ∘ C . It is temperature dependent and varies with temperature of the substance. Specific enthalpy ( H ^ ) of any substance at temperature T ∘ C is given by: H ^ = ∫ T r e f T C p d T ......(1) Here, T r e f is the reference temperature taken for the calculations.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The final temperature of the ethanol water mixture is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:

input+generation−output−consumpumtion=accumulation

Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

Specific heat capacity (Cp) of a substance is the amount of heat needed for a unit mass of substance to raise its temperature by 1∘C. It is temperature dependent and varies with temperature of the substance.

Specific enthalpy (H^) of any substance at temperature T∘C is given by:

H^=∫TrefTCpdT ......(1)

Here, Tref is the reference temperature taken for the calculations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The possible reasons due to which the measure temperature is not same as the calculated temperature in part (a) are to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Real processes differ from the ideal in respect to the assumptions made to make the calculations easier. Due to these assumptions and some human and natural errors, the experimental values differ from the theoretically calculated values.

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In the production of ethyl acetate via reactive distillation, the column operates at 5 bar with an equimolar feed (ethanol + acetic acid) at 80°C. The reaction follows: \[CH_3COOH + C_2H_5OH \rightleftharpoons CH_3COOC_2H_5 + H_2O \quad (K_{eq} = 4.2 \text{ at } 80°C)\] Given: - NRTL parameters for all binary pairs - Tray efficiency = 65% - Vapor-liquid equilibrium exhibits positive azeotrope formation Calculate the exact minimum reflux ratio required to achieve 98% ethyl acetate purity in the distillate, assuming: 1) The reaction reaches equilibrium on each tray 2) The heavy key component is water

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The final temperature of the ethanol water mixture is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:

input+generation−output−consumpumtion=accumulation

Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

Specific heat capacity (Cp) of a substance is the amount of heat needed for a unit mass of substance to raise its temperature by 1∘C. It is temperature dependent and varies with temperature of the substance.

Specific enthalpy (H^) of any substance at temperature T∘C is given by:

H^=∫TrefTCpdT ......(1)

Here, Tref is the reference temperature taken for the calculations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The possible reasons due to which the measure temperature is not same as the calculated temperature in part (a) are to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Real processes differ from the ideal in respect to the assumptions made to make the calculations easier. Due to these assumptions and some human and natural errors, the experimental values differ from the theoretically calculated values.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The final temperature of the ethanol water mixture is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:

input+generation−output−consumpumtion=accumulation

Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

Specific heat capacity (Cp) of a substance is the amount of heat needed for a unit mass of substance to raise its temperature by 1∘C. It is temperature dependent and varies with temperature of the substance.

Specific enthalpy (H^) of any substance at temperature T∘C is given by:

H^=∫TrefTCpdT ......(1)

Here, Tref is the reference temperature taken for the calculations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The possible reasons due to which the measure temperature is not same as the calculated temperature in part (a) are to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Real processes differ from the ideal in respect to the assumptions made to make the calculations easier. Due to these assumptions and some human and natural errors, the experimental values differ from the theoretically calculated values.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The final temperature of the ethanol water mixture is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:

input+generation−output−consumpumtion=accumulation

Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

Specific heat capacity (Cp) of a substance is the amount of heat needed for a unit mass of substance to raise its temperature by 1∘C. It is temperature dependent and varies with temperature of the substance.

Specific enthalpy (H^) of any substance at temperature T∘C is given by:

H^=∫TrefTCpdT ......(1)

Here, Tref is the reference temperature taken for the calculations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The possible reasons due to which the measure temperature is not same as the calculated temperature in part (a) are to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Real processes differ from the ideal in respect to the assumptions made to make the calculations easier. Due to these assumptions and some human and natural errors, the experimental values differ from the theoretically calculated values.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The final temperature of the ethanol water mixture is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:

input+generation−output−consumpumtion=accumulation

Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

Specific heat capacity (Cp) of a substance is the amount of heat needed for a unit mass of substance to raise its temperature by 1∘C. It is temperature dependent and varies with temperature of the substance.

Specific enthalpy (H^) of any substance at temperature T∘C is given by:

H^=∫TrefTCpdT ......(1)

Here, Tref is the reference temperature taken for the calculations.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The possible reasons due to which the measure temperature is not same as the calculated temperature in part (a) are to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Real processes differ from the ideal in respect to the assumptions made to make the calculations easier. Due to these assumptions and some human and natural errors, the experimental values differ from the theoretically calculated values.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The final temperature of the ethanol water mixture is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:

input+generation−output−consumpumtion=accumulation

Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

Specific heat capacity (Cp) of a substance is the amount of heat needed for a unit mass of substance to raise its temperature by 1∘C. It is temperature dependent and varies with temperature of the substance.

Specific enthalpy (H^) of any substance at temperature T∘C is given by:

H^=∫TrefTCpdT ......(1)

Here, Tref is the reference temperature taken for the calculations.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The final temperature of the ethanol water mixture is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:

input+generation−output−consumpumtion=accumulation

Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.

All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.

Specific heat capacity (Cp) of a substance is the amount of heat needed for a unit mass of substance to raise its temperature by 1∘C. It is temperature dependent and varies with temperature of the substance.

Specific enthalpy (H^) of any substance at temperature T∘C is given by:

H^=∫TrefTCpdT ......(1)

Here, Tref is the reference temperature taken for the calculations.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The possible reasons due to which the measure temperature is not same as the calculated temperature in part (a) are to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Real processes differ from the ideal in respect to the assumptions made to make the calculations easier. Due to these assumptions and some human and natural errors, the experimental values differ from the theoretically calculated values.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The possible reasons due to which the measure temperature is not same as the calculated temperature in part (a) are to be listed.

Concept introduction:

Real processes differ from the ideal in respect to the assumptions made to make the calculations easier. Due to these assumptions and some human and natural errors, the experimental values differ from the theoretically calculated values.

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 8 - 8.1. The specific internal energy of formaldehyde...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.2P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.3P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.4P Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5P Ch. 8 - 8.6. Table B.7 of Appendix B gives the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.7P Ch. 8 - Two formulas for the heat capacity of CO are given...Ch. 8 - 8.9. Table B.2 lists values of the heat capacity...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.10P

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