Major product of the given reaction has to be identified. Concept introduction: H B r addition to alkene under radical condition: Non-markonikov addition of H B r to alkenes occur by a radical mechanism in presence of peroxide, in which a B r · reacts with the π bond of the alkene to create a radical intermediate that H · from H − B r to continue the chain process. The regioselectivity of the products is the opposite of the ordinary Markonikov addition products that form under polar conditions; hence it is useful alternative to polar addition of H − B r in organic synthesis.

Question

(c) The following data have been obtained for the hydrolysis of sucrose, C12H22O11, to glucose, C6H12O6, and fructose C6H12O6, in acidic solution: C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 [sucrose]/mol dm³ t/min 0 0.316 14 0.300 39 0.274 60 0.256 80 0.238 110 0.211 (i) Graphically prove the order of the reaction and determine the rate constant of the reaction. (ii) Determine the half-life, t½ for the hydrolysis of sucrose.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.32P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Major product of the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

HBr addition to alkene under radical condition:

Non-markonikov addition of HBr to alkenes occur by a radical mechanism in presence of peroxide, in which a Br· reacts with the π bond of the alkene to create a radical intermediate that H· from H−Br to continue the chain process. The regioselectivity of the products is the opposite of the ordinary Markonikov addition products that form under polar conditions; hence it is useful alternative to polar addition of H−Br in organic synthesis.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Major product of the given reaction has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

HBr addition to alkene under radical condition:

Non-markonikov addition of HBr to alkenes occur by a radical mechanism in presence of peroxide, in which a Br· reacts with the π bond of the alkene to create a radical intermediate that H· from H−Br to continue the chain process. The regioselectivity of the products is the opposite of the odinary Markonikov addition products that form under polar conditions; hence it is useful alternative to polar addition of H−Br in organic synthesis.

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(c) The following data have been obtained for the hydrolysis of sucrose, C12H22O11, to glucose, C6H12O6, and fructose C6H12O6, in acidic solution: C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 [sucrose]/mol dm³ t/min 0 0.316 14 0.300 39 0.274 60 0.256 80 0.238 110 0.211 (i) Graphically prove the order of the reaction and determine the rate constant of the reaction. (ii) Determine the half-life, t½ for the hydrolysis of sucrose.

(III) adsorbent (b) Adsorption of the hexacyanoferrate (III) ion, [Fe(CN)6] ³, on y-Al2O3 from aqueous solution was examined. The adsorption was modelled using a modified Langmuir isotherm, yielding the following values of Kat pH = 6.5: (ii) T/K 10-10 K 280 2.505 295 1.819 310 1.364 325 1.050 Determine the enthalpy of adsorption, AadsHⓇ. If the reported value of entropy of adsorption, Aads Se = 146 J K-1 mol-1 under the above conditions, determine Aads Gº.

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