Chapter 8, Problem 8.32NP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Thetemperature when only the rhombic solid phase is observed for P = 1 atm needs to be determined with the help of a given phase diagram.

Concept Introduction:All substances can mainly exist in three phases; solid, liquid and gas. These three phases can convert into each other by the application of temperature and pressure such as heating of solid leads to the conversion to liquid and then gaseous state of matter.

Similarly, the gases can be compressed at high pressure to liquefy. The interconversion of three phases of a substance can be shown on the phase diagram. A triple point indicates the value of T and P at which all the three phases of a substance that is pressure, temperature and volume coexist. At this point, the fusion, sublimation and vaporization curve intersect each other.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The P and T values need to be determined, when the pressure on vapor increases and the monoclinic solid phase is formed.

Concept Introduction:All substances can mainly exist in three phases; solid, liquid and gas. These three phases can convert into each other by the application of temperature and pressure such as heating of solid leads to the conversion to liquid and then gaseous state of matter.

Similarly, the gases can be compressed at high pressure to liquefy. The interconversion of three phases of a substance can be shown on the phase diagram. The triple point of a substance indicates the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of the given substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium as at this point the sublimation curve, fusion curve and the vaporization curve meet.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of P and T needs to be determined at which the solid, liquid and gas phases coexist at equilibrium.

Concept Introduction:All substances can mainly exist in three phases; solid, liquid and gas. These three phases can convert into each other by the application of temperature and pressure such as heating of solid leads to the conversion to liquid and then gaseous state of matter.

Similarly, the gases can be compressed at high pressure to liquefy. The interconversion of three phases of a substance can be shown on the phase diagram. The triple point of a substance indicates the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of the given substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium as at this point the sublimation curve, fusion curve and the vaporization curve meet.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of P and T needs to be determined when the rhombic phase converts to the monoclinic solid phase with an increase in the temperature.

Concept Introduction:All substances can mainly exist in three phases; solid, liquid and gas. These three phases can convert into each other by the application of temperature and pressure such as heating of solid leads to the conversion to liquid and then gaseous state of matter.

Similarly, the gases can be compressed at high pressure to liquefy. The interconversion of three phases of a substance can be shown on the phase diagram. The triple point of a substance indicates the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of the given substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium as at this point the sublimation curve, fusion curve and the vaporization curve meet.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The value of P and T needs to be determined when the rhombic phase converts to the liquid directly with increase in the temperature.

Concept Introduction:All substances can mainly exist in three phases; solid, liquid and gas. These three phases can convert into each other by the application of temperature and pressure such as heating of solid leads to the conversion to liquid and then gaseous state of matter.

Similarly, the gases can be compressed at high pressure to liquefy. The interconversion of three phases of a substance can be shown on the phase diagram. The triple point of a substance indicates the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of the given substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium as at this point the sublimation curve, fusion curve and the vaporization curve meet.