Chapter 8, Problem 8.132QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formulas of the simplest compounds formed by the reaction of hydrogen with silicon, germanium, tin, and lead has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Valence electrons are outer shell electrons that take part in the chemical bond formation of an atom.

Chemical properties of an element can be determined by the number of valence electrons.

The elements with same valence electrons have similar chemical and physical properties and are placed in the same group in periodic table.

The periodic table is given below:

Group 4A in the periodic table contains 4 valence electrons and the outer electronic configuration of halogens is ${\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}{\text{np}}^4$.

Hydrides are binary compounds formed by hydrogen with another element.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

$RbH$ is whether more or less ionic than $NaH$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

According to physical and chemical properties, the elements can be further divided into metals, non-metals and metalloids.

In a group, the metallic character of an element increases from top to bottom whereas in a period, it decreases from left to right.

Ionic compounds are formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a nonmetal. Molecular (covalent) compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction between radium $\left(Ra\right)$ and water has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Valence electrons are outer shell electrons that take part in the chemical bond formation of an atom.

Chemical properties of an element can be determined by the number of valence electrons.

The elements with same valence electrons have similar chemical and physical properties and are placed in the same group in periodic table.

The periodic table is given below:

Group 2A in the periodic table contains 2 valence electrons and the outer electronic configuration of halogens is ${\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}$.

Alkaline earth metals react with water to produce a metal hydroxide and molecular hydrogen.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Metal in Group 2A would you expect to exhibit similar properties has to be given and the reason for this has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Diagonal relationship is the trend observed in the chemical behavior of a certain pairs of elements that are diagonally adjacent in different periods and groups in the periodic table.