The sum of all the indegrees is same as the sum of all the outdegrees.

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Chapter 8, Problem 59E

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The sum of all the indegrees is same as the sum of all the outdegrees.

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Proof: LN⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯LN¯ divides quadrilateral KLMN into two triangles. The sum of the angle measures in each triangle is ˚, so the sum of the angle measures for both triangles is ˚. So, m∠K+m∠L+m∠M+m∠N=m∠K+m∠L+m∠M+m∠N=˚. Because ∠K≅∠M∠K≅∠M and ∠N≅∠L, m∠K=m∠M∠N≅∠L, m∠K=m∠M and m∠N=m∠Lm∠N=m∠L by the definition of congruence. By the Substitution Property of Equality, m∠K+m∠L+m∠K+m∠L=m∠K+m∠L+m∠K+m∠L=°,°, so (m∠K)+ m∠K+ (m∠L)= m∠L= ˚. Dividing each side by gives m∠K+m∠L=m∠K+m∠L= °.°. The consecutive angles are supplementary, so KN⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯∥LM⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯KN¯∥LM¯ by the Converse of the Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem. Likewise, (m∠K)+m∠K+ (m∠N)=m∠N= ˚, or m∠K+m∠N=m∠K+m∠N= ˚. So these consecutive angles are supplementary and KL⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯∥NM⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯KL¯∥NM¯ by the Converse of the Consecutive Interior Angles Theorem. Opposite sides are parallel, so quadrilateral KLMN is a parallelogram.