Chapter 8, Problem 51E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The number of valence electrons in an atom of $\text{Ba}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The number of valence electrons in an atom of $\text{Cs}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The number of valence electrons in an atom of $\text{Ni}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The number of valence electrons in an atom of $\text{S}$.