1 Matter, Measurement, And Problem Solving 2 Atoms And Elements 3 Molecules, Compounds, And Chemical Equations 4 Chemical Quantities And Aqueous Reactions 5 Gases 6 Thermochemistry 7 The Quantum-mechanical Model Of The Atom 8 Periodic Properties Of The Elements 9 Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model 10 Chemical Bonding Ii: Molecular Shapes, Valence Bond Theory, And Molecular Orbital Theory 11 Liquids, Solids, And Intermolecular Forces 12 Solutions 13 Chemical Kinetics 14 Chemical Equilibrium 15 Acids And Bases 16 Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium 17 Free Energy And Thermodynamics 18 Electrochemistry 19 Radioactivity And Nuclear Chemistry 20 Organic Chemistry 21 Biochemistry 22 Chemistry Of The Nonmentals 23 Metals And Metallurgy 24 Transition Metals And Coordination Compounds expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1SAQ: Q1. According to Coulomb's law, if the separation between two particles of the same charge is... Problem 2SAQ: Q2. Which electron in sulfur is most shielded from nuclear charge?
a) an electron in the 1s... Problem 3SAQ Problem 4SAQ Problem 5SAQ Problem 6SAQ Problem 7SAQ Problem 8SAQ: Q8. Which statement is true about effective nuclear charge?
a) Effective nuclear charge decreases... Problem 9SAQ Problem 10SAQ Problem 11SAQ: Arrange these atoms and ions in order of increasing radius: Cs+,Xe,I. a) IXeCs+ b) Cs+XeI c) XeCs+I... Problem 12SAQ Problem 13SAQ: Q13. The ionization energies of an unknown third-period element are listed here. Identify the... Problem 14SAQ: Which statement is true about trends in metallic character? a) Metallic character increases as you... Problem 15SAQ: Q15. For which element is the gaining of an electron most exothermic?
a) Li
b) N
c) F
d) B
Problem 1E: 1. What are periodic properties?
Problem 2E Problem 3E Problem 4E: 4. Who is credited with arranging the periodic table? How are the elements arranged in the modern... Problem 5E: 5. Explain the contributions of Meyer and Moseley to the periodic table.
Problem 6E Problem 7E Problem 8E Problem 9E Problem 10E: 10. What is penetration? How does the penetration of an orbital into the region occupied by core... Problem 11E: 11. Why are the sublevels within a principal level split into different energies for multielectron... Problem 12E: 12. What is an orbital diagram? Provide an example.
Problem 13E Problem 14E Problem 15E Problem 16E Problem 17E Problem 18E Problem 19E Problem 20E Problem 21E: 21. Describe the relationship between an element’s row number in the periodic table and the highest... Problem 22E: 22. Which of the transition elements in the first transition series have anomalous electron... Problem 23E: 23. Describe how to write the electron configuration for an element based on its position in the... Problem 24E Problem 25E Problem 26E Problem 27E: 27. What is effective nuclear charge? What is shielding?
Problem 28E Problem 29E Problem 30E Problem 31E Problem 32E Problem 33E: 33. What is ionization energy? What is the difference between first ionization energy and second... Problem 34E: 34. What is the general trend in the first ionization energy as you move down a column in the... Problem 35E: 35. What are the exceptions to the periodic trends in the first ionization energy? Why do they... Problem 36E: 36. Examination of the first few successive ionization energies for a given element usually reveals... Problem 37E Problem 38E Problem 39E: 39. Write a general equation for the reaction of an alkali metal with each substance.
a. a... Problem 40E Problem 41E: 41. Write the full electron configuration for each element.
a. Si
b. O
c. K
d. Ne
Problem 42E: 42. Write the full electron configuration for each element.
a. C
b. P
c. Ar
d. Na
Problem 43E: 43. Write the full orbital diagram for each element.
a. N b. F c. Mg d. Al
Problem 44E: 44. Write the full orbital diagram for each element.
a. S
b. Ca
c. Ne
d. He
Problem 45E: 45. Use the periodic table to write an electron configuration for each element. Represent core... Problem 46E: 46. Use the periodic table to determine the element corresponding to each electron configuration.
Problem 47E: 47. Use the periodic table to determine each quantity.
a. The number of 2s electrons in Li.
b. The... Problem 48E: 48. Use the periodic table to determine each quantity.
a. The number of 3s electrons in Mg
b. The... Problem 49E: Name an element in the fourth period (row) of the periodictable with: a. Five valence electrons b.... Problem 50E: 50. Name an element in the third period (row) of the periodic table with the following:
a. Three... Problem 51E: 51. Determine the number of valence electrons in an atom of each element.
a. Ba b. Cs c. Ni d. S
Problem 52E Problem 53E: 53. Which outer electron configuration would you expect to belong to a reactive metal? To a reactive... Problem 54E Problem 55E: 55. According to Coulomb’s law, which pair of charged particles has the lowest potential energy?
a.... Problem 56E: 56. According to Coulomb’s law, rank the interactions between charged particles from lowest... Problem 57E: 57. Which of the following will experience a greater effective nuclear charge: the valence electrons... Problem 58E: 58. Arrange the atoms according to decreasing effective nuclear charge experienced by their valence... Problem 59E: 59. If core electrons completely shielded valence electrons from nuclear charge (i.e., if each core... Problem 60E Problem 61E: 61. Choose the larger atom from each pair.
a. Al or In b. Si or N c. P or Pb d. C or F
Problem 62E Problem 63E: 63. Arrange these elements in order of increasing atomic radius: Ca, Rb, S, Si, Ge, F.
Problem 64E: 64. Arrange these elements in order of decreasing atomic radius: Cs, Sb, S, Pb, Se.
Problem 65E: 65. Write the electron configuration for each ion.
a. b. c. d. e.
Problem 66E: 66. Write the electron configuration for each ion.
a. b. c. d. e.
Problem 67E: 67. Write orbital diagrams for each ion and indicate whether the ion is diamagnetic or... Problem 68E Problem 69E: 69. Which is the larger species in each pair?
a. b. c. d.
Problem 70E: 70. Which is the larger species in each pair?
a. b. c. d.
Problem 71E: 71. Arrange this isoelectronic series in order of increasing decreasing atomic radius:
Problem 72E Problem 73E: 73. Choose the element with the higher first ionization energy from each pair.
a. Br or Bi b. Na or... Problem 74E Problem 75E: 75. Arrange these elements in order of increasing first ionization energy: .
Problem 76E Problem 77E: 77. For each element, predict where the “jump” occurs for successive ionization energies. (For... Problem 78E: 78. Consider this set of ionization energies.
To which third-period element do these ionization... Problem 79E: 79. Choose the element with the more negative (more exothermic) electron affinity from each pair:
a.... Problem 80E Problem 81E: 81. Choose the more metallic element from each pair.
a. Sr or Sb b. As or Bi c. Cl or O d. S or As
Problem 82E Problem 83E: 83. Arrange these elements in order of increasing metallic character: Fr, Sb, In, S, Ba, Se.
Problem 84E Problem 85E Problem 86E Problem 87E Problem 88E Problem 89E Problem 90E Problem 91E Problem 92E Problem 93E Problem 94E Problem 95E Problem 96E Problem 97E Problem 98E Problem 99E: 99. Consider these elements: N, Mg, O, F, and Al.
a. Write the electron configuration for each... Problem 100E Problem 101E Problem 102E Problem 103E Problem 104E Problem 105E Problem 106E: 106. The electron affinity of each group 5A element is more positive than that of each corresponding... Problem 107E: 107. The elements with atomic numbers 35 and 53 have similar chemical properties. Based on their... Problem 108E Problem 109E Problem 110E Problem 111E Problem 112E: 112. The first ionization energy of sodium is 496 kJ/mol. Use Coulomb’s law to estimate the average... Problem 113E: 115. Consider the densities and atomic radii of the noble gases at 25 °C:
Element Atomic Radius... Problem 114E: 116. As you have seen, the periodic table is a result of empirical observation (i.e., the periodic... Problem 115E: 117. Consider the metals in the first transition series. Use periodic trends to predict a trend in... Problem 116E: 118. Imagine a universe in which the value of ms can be +, 0, and –. Assuming that all the other... Problem 117E Problem 118E Problem 119E Problem 120E Problem 121E: 123. Unlike the elements in groups 1A and 2A, those in group 3A do not show a regular decrease in... Problem 122E: 124. Using the data in Figures 8.15 and 8.16, calculate ΔE for the reaction Na(g) + Cl(g) → Na+(g) +... Problem 123E: 125. Even though adding two electrons to O or S forms an ion with a noble gas electron... Problem 124E Problem 125E: 127. The heaviest known alkaline earth metal is radium, atomic number 88. Find the atomic numbers of... Problem 126E Problem 127E Problem 128E Problem 129E: 131. Imagine that in another universe atoms and elements are identical to ours, except that atoms... Problem 130E: 132. The outermost valence electron in atom A experiences an effective nuclear charge of 2+ and is... Problem 131E: 133. Determine whether each statement regarding penetration and shielding is true or false. (Assume... Problem 132E Problem 133E format_list_bulleted