WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIO 3E+LAUNCHPA
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319103316
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 4MC
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Introduction:
Evolution is the change in allele frequency over a period of time. It may be caused by several factors.
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Which of the following is not true of natural selection?(a) natural selection acts to preserve favorable traits and eliminate unfavorable traits (b) the offspring of individuals that are better adapted to the environment will make up a larger proportion of the next generation (c) natural selection directs the course of evolution by preserving the traitsacquired during an individual’s lifetime (d) natural selection Test Your Understanding acts on a population’s genetic variability, which arisesthrough mutation (e) natural selection may result in changes in allele frequencies in a population
Unlike natural selection, is not related to an individual’s ability to survive and may result in offspring that are less well adapted to survive in a particular environment.
(a) genetic drift
(b) sexual selection
(c) directional selection
(d) convergent evolution
When two organisms are very distantly related in an evolutionary sense, (a) they should have extremely similar embryonic development. (b) they must share a very recent common ancestor. (c) the sequences of DNA in their genes should be less similar (more different) than those of two more closely related organisms. (d) they should share more homologous traits than two more closely related organisms share.
Chapter 8 Solutions
WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIO 3E+LAUNCHPA
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- Natural selection and artificial selection or selective breeding can both cause changes in animals and plants. The difference between the two is that natural selection happens naturally, but selective breeding only occurs when humans intervene. Changes in genetic traits have occurred over generations through both natural selection and selective breeding although the occur through different means. What characterizes only artificial selection? Choose all that apply. A) chickens that lay larger eggs are favored B) selection increases the chances of surviving C) selection make a species stronger and fit for survival D) selection favors the desired characters in the new organismsarrow_forwardNo two people are genetically identical, except for identicaltwins. The main source of genetic variation among humans is(A) new mutations that occurred in the preceding generation.(B) genetic drift.(C) the reshuffling of alleles in sexual reproduction.(D) environmental effects.arrow_forwardAccording to Darwin’s model of evolution, evolution can only occur if there is some variation present among the individual members of a population. Which statement best describes the source of this variation among members of a species? A) individuals will vary depending on geography and climate B) variation exists because not all genes will be expressed C) variation among individuals may arise as a result of mutations in the genetic code D) variation exists because different individuals will have different access to food and other resourcesarrow_forward
- One of the lines of evidence that led Darwin to the theory of natural selection was his study of artificial selection. Plant breeders and pigeon breeders select offspring with specific traits in mind beforehand. a) However, since humans are an integral part of the natural world, do you think that artificial selection might be more appropriately termed “natural selection”? Why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about adaptation? a) It occurs through the inheritance of acquired characteristics b) It always results in the evolution of new traits c) It is a result of chance mutations d) It is the result of natural selection acting on heritable variationarrow_forwardEvolution is based on which of the following concepts? (a) organisms share a common origin (b) over time, organisms have diverged from a common ancestor (c) an animal’s body parts can change over its lifetime, and these acquired changes are passed to the next generation (d) a and b (e) a, b, and carrow_forward
- Natural selection occurs only if there is both (1) variation in the genetic information between organisms in a population and (2) variation in the expression of that genetic information—that is, trait variation—that leads to differences in performance among individuals. What kind of variation might exist in bioluminescing organisms, and what differences in performance might result? (Remember, evolution is a consequence of the interaction of four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for an environment’s limited supply of the resources that individuals need in order to survive and reproduce, and (4) the ensuing proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in that environment.)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is most accurate? a) Humans evolved from chimpanzees. O b) If allele frequencies change across generations in a population, natural selection must be the cause. c) An individual evolves in response to a change in environment. d) Mutation is the ultimate source of new alleles, but the fate of such mutations depends in part on how they impact fitness. e) All traits are adaptations, although for some we haven't yet figured out what they are adaptations for.arrow_forwardAccording to Darwin’s model of evolution, evolution can only occur if there is some variation present among the individual members of a population. Which statement best describes the source of this variation among members of a species? A) variation exists because different individuals will have different access to food and other resources B) individuals will vary depending on geography and climate C) variation exists because not all genes will be affected D) variation among individuals may arise as a result of mutations in the genetic codearrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of natural selection? a) Variation exists among individuals in a population b) Some individuals are better adapted to their environment than others c) Organisms evolve to fit a predetermined goal or plan d) The better-adapted individuals are more likely to survive and reproducearrow_forwardWhat was Darwin's original insight that led to his theory of evolution? A) Plants and animals can be modified by human-controlled selective breeding. B) Genes, which are passed along through eggs and sperm, can only provide some of the hereditary foundation for evolution. C) Breeding in nature is selective and can produce changes in living things over generations. D) Mutation in the 23rd chromosome is the ultimate source of all genetic variation.arrow_forwardWrite short paragraphs explaining each of the following statements:(a) Natural selection chooses from among the individuals in a populationthose most suited to current environmental conditions. It does not guarantee survival under future conditions.(b) Individuals do not evolve, but populations do.(c) The organisms that exist today do so because their ancestors had traits that allowed them and their offspring to thrive.(d) At the molecular level, evolution can take place by the replacement of one nucleotide by another.(e) Evolution is said to have occurred within a population when measurable genetic changes are detected.arrow_forward
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