WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIO 3E+LAUNCHPA
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319103316
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 2MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Georges Cuvier was began exploring the coal and slate mines and found fossils of organisms that did not match any of the contemporary living organisms. These include fossils of Irish elk, mastodon, and giant ground sloth.
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The presence of homologous structures in two different groups of organisms suggests that (a) the organisms evolved from a common ancestor (b) convergent evolution has occurred (c) they belong to a polyphyletic group (d) homoplasy has occurred (e) independently acquired characters may evolve when organisms inhabit similar environments
Which of the following statements about convergent evolution is true?
(a) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to different physical structures.
(b) It demonstrates how similar environments can lead to the same physical structures.
(c) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to descent from a common ancestor.
(d) It demonstrates that similarity of structures is due to random chance.
In what way does the modern synthesis strengthen scientific understanding of evolution? (a) is based on the sequence of fossils in rock layers (b) uses genetics to explain the source of hereditary variation that is essentialto natural selection (c) was first proposed by ancient Greek scholars (d) considers the influence of the geographic distribution of organisms on their evolution (e) is reinforced by homologies that are explained by common descent
Chapter 8 Solutions
WHAT IS LIFE? A GUIDE TO BIO 3E+LAUNCHPA
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 375 million years ago, the population of organisms we call Tiktaalik had variation in many aspects of the appendages including the bones, muscles and nerves. What evolutionary force was likely most responsible for rapid adaptation and the relatively rapid evolution of limbs in this lineage? (A) natural selection (B) NONE of these C) mutations D genetic drift (E) speciationarrow_forwardAdaptive radiation is common following a period of mass extinction, probably because (a) the survivors of a mass extinction are remarkably well adapted to their environment (b) the unchanging environment following a mass extinction drives the evolutionary process (c) many adaptive zones are empty(d) many ecological niches are filled (e) the environment induces changes in the timing of development for many speciesarrow_forwardUsing examples, explain how FIVE of the following support the modern theory of evolution. (i) homologous structures (ii) analogous structures (iii) vestigal structures (iv) fossil record (v) biogeography (vi) embryology (vii) molecular biologyarrow_forward
- 1) Does the fossil record indicate that life first appeared in the water or on the land? WATER or LAND 2) Does the fossil record indicate that invertebrates (trilobites) and vertebrates (fish) evolved during the same geological period? YES or NO 3) Does the fossil record indicate that birds evolved from mammals or reptiles? MAMMALS or REPTILES 4) The fossil record indicates that hominids evolved from an ancestral hominoid approximately? 4-5 million years ago or 1-2 million years ago What kinds of organisms appear earliest in the fossil record? PROKARYOTES or EUKARYOTESarrow_forwardWhat is Mount Improbable in Richard Dawkins' concept of evolution? a) A physical mountain where organisms evolve to survive at high altitudes b) A metaphorical mountain representing the difficulty of evolving complex adaptations c) A hypothetical location where new species originate d) A mountain range where convergent evolution occursarrow_forwardDarwin’s idea on evolution by natural selection has been disproven when it comes to the origin of life because Pasteur discredited spontaneous generation.A) True.B) True, with regards to origin of life only; natural selection applies to later lifeC) False. Pasteur’s experiment discredited ideas that complex organisms (e.g., mice) could arise in weeks or months later from inanimate matter (e.g., cloth) or from other organisms (e.g., grain). Pasteur’s experiment does not discredit the possibility of simple life evolving over billions of yeararrow_forward
- The comparison of genetic material from individuals of regional populations of humans, used to help unravel the origin and migration of modern humans, is known as (a) paleoarchaeology (b) cultural anthropology (c) molecularanthropology (d) cytogenetics (e) genetic dimorphismarrow_forwardWhich evolutionary pattern is represented by the similarities between these two organisms that live on separate continents? a.) coevolution b.) convergent evolution c.) directional evolution d.) divergent evolutionarrow_forwardAccording to the fossil record the first evidence of life was ___ years old: a) 3.5 Billion b) 4.5 Billion c) 2.5 Billion d) 3.5 Million e) 2.5 Millionarrow_forward
- The first single-celled organisms on Earth probably evolved (a) 3,700 years ago (b) 3.7 million years ago (c) 3.7 billion years ago (d) We have no idea when the first life on Earth appeared.arrow_forwardCharles Darwin proposed that evolution could be explained by the differential reproductive success of organisms that resulted from their naturally occurring variation. Darwin called this process (a) coevolution (b) convergent evolution(c) natural selection (d) artificial selection (e) homoplasyarrow_forwardEvolution in Humans 1) explain how fossil evidence is used to reconstruct the hominid history 2) explain how genetic evidence is used to document changes in species and populations over time 3) describe several techniques that paleontologists today use to establish fossil agearrow_forward
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FOSSIL FRIDAY: Primate Evolution | Grades 7-10; Author: Museum of the Rockies;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tVLfvm3AFk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY