The structures for two stereoisomeric products of hydrogenation of 3-carene are to be written. One stereoisomer out of the two possible stereoisomers was formed on catalytic hydrogenation over platinum is to be determinedand the reason for its formation is to be explained. Concept Introduction: > Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that react with substances that add to the double bond. Catalytic addition is a syn addition of hydrogen atoms to the carbon-carbon double bond. > Hydrogen atoms are predominantly transferred to that face of the double bond which is less sterically hindered.

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8, Problem 36P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures for two stereoisomeric products of hydrogenation of 3-carene are to be written. One stereoisomer out of the two possible stereoisomers was formed on catalytic hydrogenation over platinum is to be determinedand the reason for its formation is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:
>
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that react with substances that add to the double bond. Catalytic addition is a syn addition of hydrogen atoms to the carbon-carbon double bond.
>
Hydrogen atoms are predominantly transferred to that face of the double bond which is less sterically hindered.

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A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…

Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. :0: :0 H. 0:0 :0: :6: S: :0: Select to Edit Arrows ::0 Select to Edit Arrows H :0: H :CI: Rotation Select to Edit Arrows H. < :0: :0: :0: S:

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8, Problem 36P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures for two stereoisomeric products of hydrogenation of 3-carene are to be written. One stereoisomer out of the two possible stereoisomers was formed on catalytic hydrogenation over platinum is to be determinedand the reason for its formation is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:
>
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that react with substances that add to the double bond. Catalytic addition is a syn addition of hydrogen atoms to the carbon-carbon double bond.
>
Hydrogen atoms are predominantly transferred to that face of the double bond which is less sterically hindered.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8, Problem 36P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures for two stereoisomeric products of hydrogenation of 3-carene are to be written. One stereoisomer out of the two possible stereoisomers was formed on catalytic hydrogenation over platinum is to be determinedand the reason for its formation is to be explained.

Concept Introduction:
>
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that react with substances that add to the double bond. Catalytic addition is a syn addition of hydrogen atoms to the carbon-carbon double bond.
>
Hydrogen atoms are predominantly transferred to that face of the double bond which is less sterically hindered.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8, Problem 36P

Interpretation Introduction