Chapter 8, Problem 35P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile that is used to prepare the given compounds by reacting with butyl bromide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

Structure of the substrate plays major role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted then the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate, it depends on steric factor that if more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Nucleophile donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Leaving group: It is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile that is used to prepare the given compounds by reacting with butyl bromide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

Structure of the substrate plays major role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted then the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate, it depends on steric factor that if more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Nucleophile donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Leaving group: It is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile that is used to prepare the given compounds by reacting with butyl bromide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

Structure of the substrate plays major role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted then the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate, it depends on steric factor that if more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Nucleophile donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Leaving group: It is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile that is used to prepare the given compounds by reacting with butyl bromide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

Structure of the substrate plays major role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted then the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate, it depends on steric factor that if more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Nucleophile donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Leaving group: It is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile that is used to prepare the given compounds by reacting with butyl bromide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

Structure of the substrate plays major role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted then the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate, it depends on steric factor that if more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Nucleophile donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Leaving group: It is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nucleophile that is used to prepare the given compounds by reacting with butyl bromide has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction.

Structure of the substrate plays major role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted then the rate of the reaction will becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate, it depends on steric factor that if more groups attached near the leaving group the reactivity becomes slower.

Nucleophile donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Leaving group: It is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.