The synthesis of 1-butyne from the given reactants is to be shown. Concept introduction: Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair. Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair. Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction. Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction. Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules. The reaction in which the halide group and hydrogen group are removed to form alkene is called dehydrohalogenation. The reaction in which hydrogen is added to the compound in the presence of catalyst is known as hydrogenation. The number of moles of hydrogen absorbed will be equal to the number of double bonds. Sodium amide is a strong base, which helps in the removal of terminal hydrogen of alkyne and forms acetylide anion.

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Chapter 8, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of 1-butyne from the given reactants is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

The reaction in which the halide group and hydrogen group are removed to form alkene is called dehydrohalogenation.

The reaction in which hydrogen is added to the compound in the presence of catalyst is known as hydrogenation.

The number of moles of hydrogen absorbed will be equal to the number of double bonds.

Sodium amide is a strong base, which helps in the removal of terminal hydrogen of alkyne and forms acetylide anion.

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