Chapter 8, Problem 28P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures for the major products from the given reactions are to be written with stereoisomers where applicable.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogens of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by addition of molecules.

Ozonolysis: An organic reaction in which the double bonds of alkenes, alkynes, or azo compounds are broken by ozone is known as ozonolysis. In this reaction, the multiple carbon–carbon bond is being replaced by a carbonyl group while azo compounds form nitrosamines.

Markovnikov’s rule: The nucleophile attacks the carbon having less number of hydrogens.

When the order of progression from the group of highest priority to that of the next highest priority is clockwise, it is said to be the $\left(R\right)$ configuration

When the order of progression from the group of highest priority to that of the next highest priority is anticlockwise, then it is said to be the $\left(S\right)$ configuration.

The mixture that contains equimolar quantity of two enantiomers is called a racemic mixture.

${\text{O}}_3,{\left({\text{CH}}_3\right)}_2\text{S}$ are added to alkenes, they undergo ozonolysis and form aldehydes and ketones.