Chapter 8, Problem 20PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The alkene and reagents needed to synthesize the desired product are to be specified.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

The acid catalyzed dehydration is a reaction in which alcohol is converted to alkene.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Nucleophilic substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogens of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any nucleophile is called substitution reaction.

Dihydroxylation: It is the process in which alkenes react with ${\text{OsO}}_4/\text{pyridine}$, ${\text{NaHSO}}_3$ and form a product, which contains diol.

The reaction in which hydrogen is added to the compound in the presence of catalyst is known as hydrogenation.

The number of moles of hydrogen absorbed will be equal to the number of double bonds.