Essential University Physics Volume 1, Loose Leaf Edition (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780135264669
Author: Richard Wolfson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 24E
Earth’s distance from the Sun varies from 147 Gm at perihelion to 152 Gm at aphelion because its orbit isn’t quite circular. Find the change in potential energy as Earth goes from perihelion to aphelion.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Neglecting Earth's rotation, show that the energy needed to launch a
satellite of mass m into circular orbit at altitude h above Earth's surface is:
RE + 2h
2(RE +h)
GMEM
RE
How much energy is required to launch a 10,000 kg satellite into a 200 km altitude circular orbit
around the Earth?
A satellite is traveling around a planet in a circular orbit with radius R. It moves in a constant speed of v = 1.1 × 104 m/s. The mass of the planet is M = 6.04 × 1024 kg. The mass of the satellite is m = 1.2 × 103 kg.
a)Enter an expression for the kinetic energy KE of the satellite in terms of m and v. Calculate the value of KE in joules.
b)Enter an expression for the magnitude of the gravitational force F in terms of M, R, m and the gravitational constant G.
c)Enter an expression for the centripetal acceleration of the satellite ac in terms of the speed of the satellite, v, and R.
A space probe is about to launch with the objective to explore the planets Mars and Jupiter. To
use the lowest amount of energy, the rocket starts from the Earth's orbit (A) and flies in an ellip-
tical orbit to Mars (B), such that the ellipse has its perihelion at Earth's orbit and its aphelion at
Mars' orbit. The space probe explores Mars for some time until Mars has completed 1/4 of its orbit
(C). After that, the space probe uses the same ellipse to get from Mars (C) to Jupiter (D). There the
mission is completed, and the space probe will stay around Jupiter.
The drawing below shows the trajectory of the space probe (not drawn to scale):
A
Sun
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Below you find the obrital period and the semi-major axis of the three planets:
Orbital period Semi-major axis
365 days
Earth
1.00 AU
Mars
687 days
1.52 AU
Jupiter
4333 days
5.20 AU
How many years after its launch from the Earth (A) will the space probe arrive at Jupiter (D)?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Essential University Physics Volume 1, Loose Leaf Edition (4th Edition)
Ch. 8.2 - Suppose the distance between two objects is cut in...Ch. 8.3 - Suppose the paths in Fig. 8.8 are the paths of...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 8.3GICh. 8 - What do Newtons apple and the Moon have in common?Ch. 8 - Prob. 2FTDCh. 8 - When you stand on Earth, the distance between you...Ch. 8 - The force of gravity on an object is proportional...Ch. 8 - A friend who knows nothing about physics asks what...Ch. 8 - Could you put a satellite in an orbit that keeps...Ch. 8 - Why are satellites generally launched eastward and...
Ch. 8 - Given Earths mass, the Moons distance and orbital...Ch. 8 - How should a satellite be launched so that its...Ch. 8 - Does the gravitational force of the Sun do work on...Ch. 8 - Space explorers land on a planet with the same...Ch. 8 - Use data for the Moons orbit from Appendix E to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 13ECh. 8 - Prob. 14ECh. 8 - Two identical lead spheres with their centers 14...Ch. 8 - Whats the approximate value of the gravitational...Ch. 8 - A sensitive gravimeter is carried to the top of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18ECh. 8 - Find the speed of a satellite in geostationary...Ch. 8 - Marss orbit has a diameter 1.52 times that of...Ch. 8 - Calculate the orbital period for Jupiters moon Io,...Ch. 8 - An astronaut hits a golf ball horizontally from...Ch. 8 - The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter circles the red...Ch. 8 - Earths distance from the Sun varies from 147 Gm at...Ch. 8 - Prob. 25ECh. 8 - A rocket is launched vertically upward from Earths...Ch. 8 - What vertical launch speed is necessary to get a...Ch. 8 - Find the energy necessary to put 1 kg, initially...Ch. 8 - Whats the total mechanical energy associated with...Ch. 8 - Prob. 30ECh. 8 - Determine escape speeds from (a) Jupiters moon...Ch. 8 - Prob. 32ECh. 8 - The gravitational acceleration at a planets...Ch. 8 - One of the longest-standing athletic records is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35PCh. 8 - If youre standing on the ground 15 m directly...Ch. 8 - Given the Moons orbital radius of 384,400 km and...Ch. 8 - Equation 7.9 relates force to the derivative of...Ch. 8 - During the Apollo Moon landings, one astronaut...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40PCh. 8 - Prob. 41PCh. 8 - Youre preparing an exhibit for the Golf Hall of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 43PCh. 8 - Satellites A and B are in circular orbits, with A...Ch. 8 - The asteroid that exploded over Chelyabinsk,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 46PCh. 8 - Prob. 47PCh. 8 - Neglecting air resistance, to what height would...Ch. 8 - Show that an object released from rest very far...Ch. 8 - Prob. 50PCh. 8 - Prob. 51PCh. 8 - Prob. 52PCh. 8 - Prob. 53PCh. 8 - Prob. 54PCh. 8 - Prob. 55PCh. 8 - Two meteoroids are 160,000 km from Earths center...Ch. 8 - Two rockets are launched from Earths surface, one...Ch. 8 - Prob. 58PCh. 8 - A missiles trajectory takes it to a maximum...Ch. 8 - Prob. 60PCh. 8 - Mercurys orbital speed varies from 38.8 km/s at...Ch. 8 - Prob. 62PCh. 8 - Two satellites are in geostationary orbit but in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 64PCh. 8 - Prob. 65PCh. 8 - We derived Equation 8.4 on the assumption that the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 67PCh. 8 - As a member of the 2040 Olympic committee, youre...Ch. 8 - The Olympic Committee is keeping you busy! Youre...Ch. 8 - Tidal forces are proportional to the variation in...Ch. 8 - Spacecraft that study the Sun are often placed at...Ch. 8 - Prob. 72PPCh. 8 - Prob. 73PPCh. 8 - Prob. 74PPCh. 8 - The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses a...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
All of the following processes are involved in the carbon cycle except: a. photosynthesis b. cell respiration c...
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Why is it necessary to be in a pressurized cabin when flying at 30,000 feet?
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Name the components (including muscles) of the thoracic cage. List the contents of the thorax.
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Examine the graph in Figure 6.3. Note that the growth rate increases slowly until the optimum is reached and th...
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Based on your answers to Questions 2 and 3, which part of the Atlantic basin appears to have opened first?
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
10.71 Identify each of the following as an acid or a base: (10.1)
H2SO4
RbOH
Ca(OH)2
HI
...
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (13th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the orbital radius of an Earth satellite having a period of 1.00 h? (b) What is unreasonable about this result?arrow_forwardAn asteroid has speed 15.5km/s when it is located 2.00 AU from the sun. At its closest approach, it is 0.400 AU from the Sun. What is its speed at that point?arrow_forwardIf a spacecraft is headed for the outer solar system, it may require several gravitational slingshots with planets in the inner solar system. If a spacecraft undergoes a head-on slingshot with Venus as in Example 11.6, find the spacecrafts change in speed vS. Hint: Venuss orbital period is 1.94 107 s, and its average distance from the Sun is 1.08 1011 m.arrow_forward
- It was stated that a satellite with negative total energy is in a bound orbit, whereas one with zero or positive total energy is in an unbounded orbit. Why zero or positive total energy is in an unbounded orbit. Why is this true? What choice for gravitational potential energy was made such that this is true?arrow_forwardFor many years, astronomer Percival Lowell searched for a Planet X that might explain some of the perturbations observed in the orbit of Uranus. These perturbations were later explained when the masses of the outer planets and planetoids, particularly Neptune, became better measured (Voyager 2). At the time, however, Lowell had proposed the existence of a Planet X that orbited the Sun with a mean distance of 43 AU. With what period would this Planet X orbit the Sun?arrow_forwardAn average-sized asteroid located 5.0107km from Earth with mass 2.01013kg is detected headed directly toward Earth with speed of 2.0km/s . What will its speed be just before it hits our atmosphere? (You may ignore the size of the asteroid.)arrow_forward
- A planet has two moons with identical mass. Moon 1 is in a circular orbit of radius r. Moon 2 is in a circular orbit of radius 2r. The magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the planet on Moon 2 is (a) four times as large (b) twice as large (c) the same (d) half as large (e) one-fourth as large as the gravitational force exerted by the planet on Moon 1.arrow_forwardModel the Moons orbit around the Earth as an ellipse with the Earth at one focus. The Moons farthest distance (apogee) from the center of the Earth is rA = 4.05 108 m, and its closest distance (perigee) is rP = 3.63 108 m. a. Calculate the semimajor axis of the Moons orbit. b. How far is the Earth from the center of the Moons elliptical orbit? c. Use a scale such as 1 cm 108 m to sketch the EarthMoon system at apogee and at perigee and the Moons orbit. (The semiminor axis of the Moons orbit is roughly b = 3.84 108 m.)arrow_forwardA planet is in an elliptical orbit around a distant star. At periastron (the point of closest approach to the star), the planet is rp = 3.90 × 108 km from the star and is moving with a speed of up = 21.5 km/s. When the planet is at apastron (the point of greatest distance from the star), it is ra = 9.00 × 108 km from the star. VD How fast is the planet moving at apastron? Ua= 1₂ km/sarrow_forward
- A 5.00 kg satellite is launched from the north pole into a circular orbit 800 km above the surface of the earth. How much energy is required to achieve this orbit? (The following set of questions will guide you to the answer.) Me = 5.98x1024 kg; Re = 6.37x106 m. G = 6.67x10-11 N m2/ kg2. Note: The problem specifies that the satellite is being launched from the north pole so that we can ignore the initial circular motion and initial kinetic energy as it rotates once every day. In reality, space agencies choose to launch rockets from southern latitudes to take advantage of the initial velocity they have due to this motion. a. calculate the change in gravitational potential energy. (Give your answer in MJ.) b. What is the gravitational force on the satellite? (Give your answer in N.) c. What is the velocity of the satellite? (Give your answer in m/s.) Note: The weight force is equal to m v2/R. d. What is the kinetic energy in this orbit? (Give your answer in MJ.) e. how much total energy…arrow_forwardAn object of mass m is launched from a planet of mass M and radius R. a)Derive and enter an expression for the minimum launch speed needed for the object to escape gravity, i.e. to be able to just reach r = ∞. b)Calculate this minimum launch speed (called the escape speed), in meters per second, for a planet of mass M = 6 × 1023 kg and R = 76 × 104 km.arrow_forwardHow much energy is required to lift a 10 kg rock from the surface of the Earth and place it in a circular orbit just 10 km above sea level? Assume Earth's radius is about 6371 km.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Classical Dynamics of Particles and SystemsPhysicsISBN:9780534408961Author:Stephen T. Thornton, Jerry B. MarionPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 1PhysicsISBN:9781938168277Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax - Rice University
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems
Physics
ISBN:9780534408961
Author:Stephen T. Thornton, Jerry B. Marion
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 1
Physics
ISBN:9781938168277
Author:William Moebs, Samuel J. Ling, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax - Rice University
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Gravitational Force (Physics Animation); Author: EarthPen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxp1Z91S5uQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY