
Interpretation: The principle behind the working of barometer and manometer has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
The force acting per unit area is called as Pressure. Differential pressure is indicated by measuring devices i.e. in relative with the atmosphere pressure. This is known as gauge pressure. The calculated pressure can either be positive or negative with respect to the atmospheric pressure. Vacuum is generally known as a negative gauge pressure.
Atmospheric pressure is measured by using an instruments called as barometer and manometer.

Explanation of Solution
Explanation
A barometer consists of Mercury column that is tipped inverted and positioned in a dish containing Mercury. The Mercury in the column moves to and fro. The measure of atmospheric pressure is done by the height of the column. There is a downward force produced by the weight of the Mercury, this downward force pushes the mercury to fall out of the column. But, there is repulsive force that keeps Mercury in the column. This repulsive force is due to the atmospheric gas particles that collide with the surface of the Mercury in the dish; this makes the mercury to get pushed up in the column. The level of Mercury in the column stays constant, when the two repulsive forces are same in strength to each other. The Mercury’s constant height is supported by the atmosphere is a measure of pressure of the atmosphere.
Manometer: A manometer also has two repulsive forces against each other. A force is exerted by the gas molecules in the flask. The repulsive force is seen on the further region of the Mercury filled U tube; that is force exerted by atmospheric gases. The measure of the variation in pressure between the gas in the flask and the atmosphere gives the difference in height of the Mercury in the U tube. The greater or lesser the gas in the flask to the atmosphere pressure can be determined by measuring the difference in the height of the Mercury.
Explain the working of Barometer.
A barometer consists of Mercury column that is tipped inverted and positioned in a dish containing Mercury. The Mercury in the column moves to and fro. The measure of atmospheric pressure is done by the height of the column. There is a downward force produced by the weight of the Mercury, this downward force pushes the mercury to fall out of the column. But, there is repulsive force that keeps Mercury in the column. This repulsive force is due to the atmospheric gas particles that collide with the surface of the Mercury in the dish; this makes the mercury to get pushed up in the column. The level of Mercury in the column stays constant, when the two repulsive forces are same in strength to each other. The Mercury’s constant height is supported by the atmosphere is a measure of pressure of the atmosphere.
A simple barometer is illustrated in the figure 1,
Figure 1: Simple Barometer
Explain the working of Manometer
A manometer also has two repulsive forces against each other. A force is exerted by the gas molecules in the flask. The repulsive force is seen on the further region of the Mercury filled U tube; that is force exerted by atmospheric gases. The measure of the variation in pressure between the gas in the flask and the atmosphere gives the difference in height of the Mercury in the U tube. The greater or lesser the gas in the flask to the atmosphere pressure can be determined by measuring the difference in the height of the Mercury.
Illustration of simple manometer is shown in figure 2,
Figure 2: A simple manometer
Conclusion
The principle and working of barometer and manometer are explained.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
- Question: Find both the b (gradient) and a (y-intercept) value from the list of data below: (x1 -x̄) 370.5 (y1 - ȳ) 5.240 (x2 - x̄) 142.5 (y2 - ȳ) 2.004 (x3 - x̄) 28.5 (y3 - ȳ) 0.390 (x4 - x̄) -85.5 (y4 - ȳ) -1.231 (x5 - x̄) -199.5 (y5 - ȳ) -2.829 (x6 - x̄) -256.5 (y6 - ȳ) -3.575arrow_forwardCalculating standard reaction free energy from standard reduction... Using standard reduction potentials from the ALEKS Data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy AG° for the following redox reaction. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 3Cu+ (aq) + Cro²¯ (aq) +4H₂O (1) → 3Cu²+ (aq) +Cr(OH)3 (s)+5OH˜¯ (aq) 0 kJ ☐ x10 00. 18 Ararrow_forwardCalculating the pH of a weak base titrated with a strong acid An analytical chemist is titrating 241.7 mL of a 0.4900M solution of methylamine (CH3NH2) with a 0.7800M solution of HNO3. The pK of methylamine is 3.36. Calculate the pH of the base solution after the chemist has added 17.7 mL of the HNO3 solution to it. Note for advanced students: you may assume the final volume equals the initial volume of the solution plus the volume of HNO3 solution added. Round your answer to 2 decimal places. pH = ☑ ? 18 Ararrow_forward
- The following is two groups (Regular tomato sauce & Salt Reduced Tomato Sauce) of data recorded by a team analysising salt content in tomato sauce using the MOHR titration method: Regular Tomato Sauce Salt Reduced Tomato Sauce 223.4 148.7 353.7 278.2 334.6 268.7 305.6 234.4 340.0 262.7 304.3 283.2 244.7 143.6 QUESTION: For both groups of data calculate the answers attached in the image.arrow_forwardThe following is a two groups (Regular tomato sauce & Salt Reduced Tomato Sauce) of data recorded by a team analysising salt content in tomato sauce using the MOHR titration method: Regular Tomato Sauce Salt Reduced Tomato Sauce 340.0mmol/L 262.7mmol/L QUESTION: For both groups (Regular & Salt Reduced tomato sauce) of data provide answers to the following calculations below: 1. Standard Deviation (Sx) 2. T Values (t0.05,4) 3. 95% Confidence Interval (mmol/L) 4. [Na+] (mg/100 mL) 5. 95% Confidence Interval (mg/100 mL)arrow_forwardIf we have leucine (2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid), alanine (2-aminopropanoic acid) and phenylalanine (2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid), indicate the tripeptides that can be formed (use the abbreviated symbols Leu., Ala and Phe).arrow_forward
- Briefly state why trifluoroacetic acid is more acidic than acetic acid.arrow_forwardExplain why acid chlorides are more reactive than amides in reactions with nucleophiles.arrow_forwardCalculating the pH of a weak base titrated with a strong acid An analytical chemist is titrating 101.7 mL of a 0.3500M solution of piperidine (C5H10NH) with a 0.05700M solution of HClO4. The pK of piperidine is 2.89. Calculate the pH of the base solution after the chemist has added 682.9 mL of the HClO solution to it. 4 Note for advanced students: you may assume the final volume equals the initial volume of the solution plus the volume of HClO solution added. 4 Round your answer to 2 decimal places. pH = .11 00. 18 Ararrow_forward
- The following is a two groups (Regular tomato sauce & Salt Reduced Tomato Sauce) of data recorded by a team analysising salt content in tomato sauce using the MOHR titration method: Regular Tomato Sauce Salt Reduced Tomato Sauce 340.0 262.7 QUESTION: For both groups of data provide answers to the calculations attached in the imagearrow_forward7. Concentration and uncertainty in the estimate of concentration (class data) Class mean for sample (Regular) |[Cl-] (mmol/L) class mean Sn za/2 95% Confidence Interval (mmol/L) [Na+] (mg/100 mL) 95% Confidence Interval (mg/100 mL)arrow_forwardThe following is a two groups (Regular tomato sauce & Salt Reduced Tomato Sauce) of data recorded by a team analysising salt content in tomato sauce using the MOHR titration method: Regular Tomato Sauce Salt Reduced Tomato Sauce 223.4 148.7 353.7 278.2 334.6 268.7 305.6 234.4 340.0 262.7 304.3 283.2 244.7 143.6 QUESTION: For both groups of data calculate the answers attached in the image.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningLiving By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHERGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning





