The cause of electrolyte disturbance in a patient with AIDS and investigated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia is known as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and it is a fungal infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in an individual’s lungs. This infection is nonseasonal and worldwide. The respiratory route probably acquires the organism.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of electrolyte disturbance in a patient with AIDS and investigated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia is known as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and it is a fungal infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in an individual’s lungs. This infection is nonseasonal and worldwide. The respiratory route probably acquires the organism.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is often associated with hyponatremia, a kind of dyselectrolytemia, and the level of sodium significantly correlates to the overall outcome of the patient. It is a condition in which the serum sodium levels are less than 135 mEq/L, which results in intracerebral osmotic fluid shifts, brain edema, and several neurological complications.

Hyponatremia in HIV is associated witha syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, and common association is with Pneumocystis jirovecii. This yeast-like fungus attaches to the alveolar septal wall replicate, resulting in diffuse alveolitis and impaired oxygenation and causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The five cardial features of low serum sodium level and having AIDS.

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the disorder of electrolyte balance and body fluid in patients having Pneumocystis carinii infection along withHIV infection. A cardinal symptom or cardinal sign is the primary or significant clinical sign or symptom by which a diagnosis is made.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection that occurs in immunosuppressed populations having a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells per µL.

Cardinal findings of patients with immune deficiency disorders who are at particular risk for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia include thymic dysplasia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Kaposi sarcoma, oesophageal candidiasis, and Toxoplasma encephalitis. Development of hypogammaglobulinemia with low arterial oxygen tension, arterial pH usually increased, and carbon dioxide retention also occurs.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of electrolyte disturbance in a patient with AIDS and investigated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia is known as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and it is a fungal infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in an individual’s lungs. This infection is nonseasonal and worldwide. The respiratory route probably acquires the organism.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is often associated with hyponatremia, a kind of dyselectrolytemia, and the level of sodium significantly correlates to the overall outcome of the patient. It is a condition in which the serum sodium levels are less than 135 mEq/L, which results in intracerebral osmotic fluid shifts, brain edema, and several neurological complications.

Hyponatremia in HIV is associated witha syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, and common association is with Pneumocystis jirovecii. This yeast-like fungus attaches to the alveolar septal wall replicate, resulting in diffuse alveolitis and impaired oxygenation and causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The five cardial features of low serum sodium level and having AIDS.

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the disorder of electrolyte balance and body fluid in patients having Pneumocystis carinii infection along withHIV infection. A cardinal symptom or cardinal sign is the primary or significant clinical sign or symptom by which a diagnosis is made.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection that occurs in immunosuppressed populations having a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells per µL.

Cardinal findings of patients with immune deficiency disorders who are at particular risk for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia include thymic dysplasia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Kaposi sarcoma, oesophageal candidiasis, and Toxoplasma encephalitis. Development of hypogammaglobulinemia with low arterial oxygen tension, arterial pH usually increased, and carbon dioxide retention also occurs.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of electrolyte disturbance in a patient with AIDS and investigated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia is known as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and it is a fungal infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in an individual’s lungs. This infection is nonseasonal and worldwide. The respiratory route probably acquires the organism.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is often associated with hyponatremia, a kind of dyselectrolytemia, and the level of sodium significantly correlates to the overall outcome of the patient. It is a condition in which the serum sodium levels are less than 135 mEq/L, which results in intracerebral osmotic fluid shifts, brain edema, and several neurological complications.

Hyponatremia in HIV is associated witha syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, and common association is with Pneumocystis jirovecii. This yeast-like fungus attaches to the alveolar septal wall replicate, resulting in diffuse alveolitis and impaired oxygenation and causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The five cardial features of low serum sodium level and having AIDS.

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the disorder of electrolyte balance and body fluid in patients having Pneumocystis carinii infection along withHIV infection. A cardinal symptom or cardinal sign is the primary or significant clinical sign or symptom by which a diagnosis is made.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection that occurs in immunosuppressed populations having a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells per µL.

Cardinal findings of patients with immune deficiency disorders who are at particular risk for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia include thymic dysplasia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Kaposi sarcoma, oesophageal candidiasis, and Toxoplasma encephalitis. Development of hypogammaglobulinemia with low arterial oxygen tension, arterial pH usually increased, and carbon dioxide retention also occurs.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 8, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of electrolyte disturbance in a patient with AIDS and investigated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia is known as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and it is a fungal infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in an individual’s lungs. This infection is nonseasonal and worldwide. The respiratory route probably acquires the organism.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is often associated with hyponatremia, a kind of dyselectrolytemia, and the level of sodium significantly correlates to the overall outcome of the patient. It is a condition in which the serum sodium levels are less than 135 mEq/L, which results in intracerebral osmotic fluid shifts, brain edema, and several neurological complications.

Hyponatremia in HIV is associated witha syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, and common association is with Pneumocystis jirovecii. This yeast-like fungus attaches to the alveolar septal wall replicate, resulting in diffuse alveolitis and impaired oxygenation and causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The five cardial features of low serum sodium level and having AIDS.

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the disorder of electrolyte balance and body fluid in patients having Pneumocystis carinii infection along withHIV infection. A cardinal symptom or cardinal sign is the primary or significant clinical sign or symptom by which a diagnosis is made.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection that occurs in immunosuppressed populations having a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells per µL.

Cardinal findings of patients with immune deficiency disorders who are at particular risk for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia include thymic dysplasia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Kaposi sarcoma, oesophageal candidiasis, and Toxoplasma encephalitis. Development of hypogammaglobulinemia with low arterial oxygen tension, arterial pH usually increased, and carbon dioxide retention also occurs.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of electrolyte disturbance in a patient with AIDS and investigated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia is known as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and it is a fungal infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in an individual’s lungs. This infection is nonseasonal and worldwide. The respiratory route probably acquires the organism.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is often associated with hyponatremia, a kind of dyselectrolytemia, and the level of sodium significantly correlates to the overall outcome of the patient. It is a condition in which the serum sodium levels are less than 135 mEq/L, which results in intracerebral osmotic fluid shifts, brain edema, and several neurological complications.

Hyponatremia in HIV is associated witha syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, and common association is with Pneumocystis jirovecii. This yeast-like fungus attaches to the alveolar septal wall replicate, resulting in diffuse alveolitis and impaired oxygenation and causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The five cardial features of low serum sodium level and having AIDS.

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the disorder of electrolyte balance and body fluid in patients having Pneumocystis carinii infection along withHIV infection. A cardinal symptom or cardinal sign is the primary or significant clinical sign or symptom by which a diagnosis is made.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection that occurs in immunosuppressed populations having a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells per µL.

Cardinal findings of patients with immune deficiency disorders who are at particular risk for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia include thymic dysplasia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Kaposi sarcoma, oesophageal candidiasis, and Toxoplasma encephalitis. Development of hypogammaglobulinemia with low arterial oxygen tension, arterial pH usually increased, and carbon dioxide retention also occurs.

Answer 6

Chapter 8, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of electrolyte disturbance in a patient with AIDS and investigated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia is known as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and it is a fungal infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in an individual’s lungs. This infection is nonseasonal and worldwide. The respiratory route probably acquires the organism.

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is often associated with hyponatremia, a kind of dyselectrolytemia, and the level of sodium significantly correlates to the overall outcome of the patient. It is a condition in which the serum sodium levels are less than 135 mEq/L, which results in intracerebral osmotic fluid shifts, brain edema, and several neurological complications.

Hyponatremia in HIV is associated witha syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, and common association is with Pneumocystis jirovecii. This yeast-like fungus attaches to the alveolar septal wall replicate, resulting in diffuse alveolitis and impaired oxygenation and causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.

Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 1RE

A.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The cause of electrolyte disturbance in a patient with AIDS and investigated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia is known as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and it is a fungal infection that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in an individual’s lungs. This infection is nonseasonal and worldwide. The respiratory route probably acquires the organism.

Answer 8

A.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is often associated with hyponatremia, a kind of dyselectrolytemia, and the level of sodium significantly correlates to the overall outcome of the patient. It is a condition in which the serum sodium levels are less than 135 mEq/L, which results in intracerebral osmotic fluid shifts, brain edema, and several neurological complications.

Hyponatremia in HIV is associated witha syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, and common association is with Pneumocystis jirovecii. This yeast-like fungus attaches to the alveolar septal wall replicate, resulting in diffuse alveolitis and impaired oxygenation and causes pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts.

Answer 9

A.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

A.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The five cardial features of low serum sodium level and having AIDS.

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the disorder of electrolyte balance and body fluid in patients having Pneumocystis carinii infection along withHIV infection. A cardinal symptom or cardinal sign is the primary or significant clinical sign or symptom by which a diagnosis is made.

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection that occurs in immunosuppressed populations having a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells per µL.

Cardinal findings of patients with immune deficiency disorders who are at particular risk for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia include thymic dysplasia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Kaposi sarcoma, oesophageal candidiasis, and Toxoplasma encephalitis. Development of hypogammaglobulinemia with low arterial oxygen tension, arterial pH usually increased, and carbon dioxide retention also occurs.

Answer 13

B.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The five cardial features of low serum sodium level and having AIDS.

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the disorder of electrolyte balance and body fluid in patients having Pneumocystis carinii infection along withHIV infection. A cardinal symptom or cardinal sign is the primary or significant clinical sign or symptom by which a diagnosis is made.

Answer 14

B.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an opportunistic infection that occurs in immunosuppressed populations having a CD4+ T cell count below 200 cells per µL.

Cardinal findings of patients with immune deficiency disorders who are at particular risk for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia include thymic dysplasia, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Kaposi sarcoma, oesophageal candidiasis, and Toxoplasma encephalitis. Development of hypogammaglobulinemia with low arterial oxygen tension, arterial pH usually increased, and carbon dioxide retention also occurs.