
Introduction:
Almost all the cells in an organism are genetically identical, but different types of cells look different which results from differential gene expression. Genes are expressed by turning on and turning off its expression as a result of interaction with regulatory proteins.

Answer to Problem 1MCQ
Correct answer:
A pancreas cell has a different function and structure from a brain cell, but the cells have identical DNA. Therefore, option d is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for the correct statement:
Differential gene expression is responsible for the specialization of different cells with the same genome to perform different functions within an organism. Hence, all the cells in a body contain similar DNA.
Hence, option d is correct.
Reasons for incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “because the cells contain different genes”.
The entire cells in a body contain similar genetic content. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (b) is given as “because the cells contain different chromosomes”.
The entire cells in a body contain similar chromosomes. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “because the cells have different replication proteins”.
All the eukaryotic cells contain same replication protein. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.
The entire cells in a body contain similar DNA. Differentiation is the process by which cells become different in structure and function.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
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