Access control: Access control is a security technique that controls the admission of workers into trustworthy areas of the organization. It is maintained through a collection of policies, programs to carry out those policies, and technologies that implement the policies. It is an important concept in security that reduces risk to the business or organization. It is divided into two types are, physical access control and logical access control.

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Objective Implement Bottom-Up Iterative MergeSort and analyze its efficiency compared to recursive MergeSort. Unlike the recursive approach, which involves multiple function calls and stack overhead, the bottom-up version sorts iteratively by merging small subarrays first, reducing recursion depth and improving performance. Task 1. Implement Bottom-Up Iterative MergeSort о Start with single-element subarrays and iteratively merge them into larger sorted sections. Use a loop-based merging process instead of recursion. ○ Implement an efficient in-place merging strategy if possible. 2. Performance Analysis Compare execution time with recursive MergeSort on random, nearly sorted, and reversed datasets. ○ Measure and plot time complexity vs. input size. O Submission Explain why the iterative version reduces function call overhead and when it performs better. • Code implementation with comments. • A short report (1-2 pages) comparing performance. • Graph of execution time vs. input size for…

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Chapter 8, Problem 19RQ

Program Plan Intro

Access control:

Access control is a security technique that controls the admission of workers into trustworthy areas of the organization.

It is maintained through a collection of policies, programs to carry out those policies, and technologies that implement the policies.

It is an important concept in security that reduces risk to the business or organization.

It is divided into two types are, physical access control and logical access control.

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Objective Implement Bottom-Up Iterative MergeSort and analyze its efficiency compared to recursive MergeSort. Unlike the recursive approach, which involves multiple function calls and stack overhead, the bottom-up version sorts iteratively by merging small subarrays first, reducing recursion depth and improving performance. Task 1. Implement Bottom-Up Iterative MergeSort о Start with single-element subarrays and iteratively merge them into larger sorted sections. Use a loop-based merging process instead of recursion. ○ Implement an efficient in-place merging strategy if possible. 2. Performance Analysis Compare execution time with recursive MergeSort on random, nearly sorted, and reversed datasets. ○ Measure and plot time complexity vs. input size. O Submission Explain why the iterative version reduces function call overhead and when it performs better. • Code implementation with comments. • A short report (1-2 pages) comparing performance. • Graph of execution time vs. input size for…

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