Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 18E
Consider nitrous acid, HNO2 (HONO).
(a) Write a Lewis structure.
(b) What are the electron pair and molecular geometries of the internal oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the HNO2 molecule?
(c) What is the hybridization on the internal oxygen and nitrogen atoms in HNO2?
Expert Solution & Answer
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Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) = 2NH3 (g) AG⁰ = -34. KJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.06 atm of nitrogen (N2) and 2.58 atm of ammonia (NH3) at 106. °C. Answer the following questions about this
system:
?
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of N2 tend to rise or fall?
☐ x10
fall
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂?
In other words, if you said the pressure of N2 will tend to rise, can that be
changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of N2 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise
by adding H₂?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
yes
no
☐
atm
☑
5
00.
18
Ar
i need help with the following
Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
2NO(g) +Cl₂ (g) = 2NOC1 (g) AGº = -41. kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 8.90 atm of chlorine (C12) and 5.71 atm of nitrosyl chloride (NOC1) at 1075. °C. Answer the following questions
about this system:
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of NOCI tend to rise or fall?
x10
fall
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding NO?
In other words, if you said the pressure of NOCI will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding NO? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of NOCI will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
rise by adding NO?
yes
no
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of NO needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
atm
☑
18
Ar
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Ch. 8 - Explain how and bonds are similar and how they...Ch. 8 - Draw a curve that describes the energy of a system...Ch. 8 - Explain why bonds occur at specific average bond...Ch. 8 - Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in...Ch. 8 - Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in...Ch. 8 - How many and bonds are present in the molecule...Ch. 8 - A friend tells you N2 has three bonds due to...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structures for CO2 and CO, and...Ch. 8 - Why is the concept of hybridization required in...Ch. 8 - Give the shape that describes each hybrid orbital...
Ch. 8 - Explain why a carbon atom cannot form five bonds...Ch. 8 - What is the hybridization of the central atom in...Ch. 8 - A molecule with the formula AB3 could have one of...Ch. 8 - Methionine, CH3SCH2CH2CH(NH2)CO2H, is an amino...Ch. 8 - Sulfuric acid is manufactured by a series of...Ch. 8 - Two important industrial chemicals, ethene, C2H4,...Ch. 8 - For many years after they were discovered, it was...Ch. 8 - Consider nitrous acid, HNO2 (HONO). (a) Write a...Ch. 8 - Strike-anywhere matches contain a layer of KClO3...Ch. 8 - Identify the hybridization of each carbon atom in...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures for NF3 and PP5. On the...Ch. 8 - In addition to NF3, two other fluoro derivatives...Ch. 8 - The bond energy of a C—C single bond averages 347...Ch. 8 - For the carbonate ion, CO32, draw all of the...Ch. 8 - A useful solvent that will dissolve salts as well...Ch. 8 - For the molecule allene, H2C=C=CH2, give the...Ch. 8 - Identify the hybridization of the central atom in...Ch. 8 - Describe the molecular geometry and hybridization...Ch. 8 - For each of the following molecules, indicate the...Ch. 8 - For each of the following structures, determine...Ch. 8 - Draw the orbital diagram for carbon in CO2 showing...Ch. 8 - Sketch the distribution of electron density in the...Ch. 8 - How are the following similar, and how do they...Ch. 8 - If molecular orbitals are created by combining...Ch. 8 - Can a molecule with an odd number of electrons...Ch. 8 - Can a molecule with an even number of electrons...Ch. 8 - Why are bonding molecular orbitals lower in energy...Ch. 8 - Calculate the bond order for an ion with this...Ch. 8 - Explain why an electron in the bonding molecular...Ch. 8 - Predict the valence electron molecular orbital...Ch. 8 - Determine the bond order of each member of the...Ch. 8 - For the first ionization energy for an N2...Ch. 8 - Compare the atomic and molecular orbital diagrams...Ch. 8 - Which of the period 2 homonuclear diatomic...Ch. 8 - A friend tells you that the 2s orbital for...Ch. 8 - True or false: Boron contains 2s22p1 valence...Ch. 8 - What charge would be needed on F2 to generate an...Ch. 8 - Predict whether the MO diagram S2 would show s-p...Ch. 8 - Explain why N22+ is diamagnetic, while O24+, which...Ch. 8 - Using the MO diagrams, predict the bond order for...
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