CHEMISTRY:MOLECULAR..(LL)-PRINT..W/CODE
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781119457282
Author: JESPERSEN
Publisher: WILEY
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 145RQ
The positive end of the dipole in a water molecule is not located on an atom. Explain why this happens and suggest other simple molecules that show the same effect.
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Students have asked these similar questions
A molecule is made of one hydrogen atom bonded to one fluorine atom. What information is necessary to determine whether this is a polar molecule?
Decide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion
is polar or nonpolar.
If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write
the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the
negative side. For example, if the molecule were
HCI and you decided the hydrogen atom was
closest to the negative side of the molecule,
you'd enter ":" in the last column of the table.
alo
H
molecule or
polyatomic ion
polar or
nonpolar?
atom closest to
negative side
O polar
O nonpolar
HI
O polar
O nonpolar
H,S
O polar
CH,
O nonpolar
If you change the shape you can eliminate the molecular dipole, even though there are still polar bonds. It
turns out that geometry, or shape, of the molecule is also important in determining if it is polar. Change
the electronegativity of Atom C all so that it is all the way to the left under "less." Atom B is at "less and
Atom A is at "more". What happened to the molecular dipole? O It points to B O it disappears Olt points to
A It points to C
Chapter 8 Solutions
CHEMISTRY:MOLECULAR..(LL)-PRINT..W/CODE
Ch. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.1
Choose the ionic compound...Ch. 8 - Construct an energy diagram similar to the one in...Ch. 8 - What is wrong with the following electron...Ch. 8 - How do the electron configurations change when a...Ch. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.5
How are the electron...Ch. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.6
Draw the Lewis structures...Ch. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.7
Use Lewis symbols to diagram...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8PECh. 8 - Prob. 9PECh. 8 - For each atom that does not have an octet, how...
Ch. 8 - The chlorine end of the chlorine monoxide molecule...Ch. 8 - Although isolated Na+ and Cl- ions are unstable,...Ch. 8 - Bromine and chlorine form a molecular substance...Ch. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.14
For each of the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15PECh. 8 - Draw Lewis structures for...Ch. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.17
Using the structures drawn...Ch. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.18
A student drew the...Ch. 8 - Assign formal charges to the atoms in the...Ch. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.20
Draw the preferred Lewis...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21PECh. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.22
Use Lewis structures to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23PECh. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.24
Draw the resonance...Ch. 8 - Determine the preferred Lewis structure for the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26PECh. 8 - Practice Exercise 8.27
The following questions...Ch. 8 - What must be true about the change in the total...Ch. 8 - 8.2 Under what conditions could a compound form...Ch. 8 - 8.3 What is an ionic bond?
Ch. 8 - Define the term lattice energy. In what ways does...Ch. 8 - How is the tendency to form ionic bonds related to...Ch. 8 - What influence do ion size and charge have on...Ch. 8 - 8.7 What is the octet rule? What is responsible...Ch. 8 - 8.8 Why doesn’t hydrogen obey the octet rule?
Ch. 8 - 8.9 Magnesium forms compounds containing the ion ...Ch. 8 - Prob. 10RQCh. 8 - Why do many of the transition elements in Period 4...Ch. 8 - Prob. 12RQCh. 8 - Prob. 13RQCh. 8 - Which of these Lewis symbols is incorrect?Ch. 8 - Define bond length and bond energy.Ch. 8 - 8.16 Define bond order. How are bond energy and...Ch. 8 - 8.17 The energy required to break the H—Cl bond to...Ch. 8 - In terms of the potential energy change, why...Ch. 8 - Prob. 19RQCh. 8 - Describe what happens to the electron density...Ch. 8 - Is the formation of a covalent bond endothermic or...Ch. 8 - What factors control the bond length in a covalent...Ch. 8 - How many covalent bonds are normally formed by (a)...Ch. 8 - What is a polar covalent bond?Ch. 8 - Define dipole moment in the form of an equation....Ch. 8 - 8.26 Define electronegativity. On what basis did...Ch. 8 - Which element has the highest electronegativity?...Ch. 8 - Prob. 28RQCh. 8 - If an element has a low electronegativity, is it...Ch. 8 - In what groups in the periodic table are the most...Ch. 8 - How is the electronegativity of a metal related to...Ch. 8 - 8.32 When we say that aluminum is more reactive...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following metals in their approximate...Ch. 8 - 8.34 Complete and balance the following equations....Ch. 8 - Prob. 35RQCh. 8 - Without looking at the text, describe the steps...Ch. 8 - 8.37 Why do we usually place the least...Ch. 8 - Why do Period 2 elements never form more than four...Ch. 8 - Define (a) single bond, (b) double bond, and (c)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40RQCh. 8 - How many electrons are in the valence shells of...Ch. 8 - What is the minimum number of electrons that would...Ch. 8 - 8.43 Nitrogen and arsenic are in the same group in...Ch. 8 - 8.44 What is the definition of formal charge? How...Ch. 8 - How are formal charges for atoms in a molecule...Ch. 8 - 8.46 How are formal charges used to select the...Ch. 8 - 8.47 What are the formal charges on the atoms in...Ch. 8 - What is a coordinate covalent bond?Ch. 8 - Once formed, how (if at all) does a coordinate...Ch. 8 - BC13 has an incomplete valence shell. Use Lewis...Ch. 8 - Prob. 51RQCh. 8 - 8.52 What is a resonance hybrid? How does it...Ch. 8 - Prob. 53RQCh. 8 - Polystyrene plastic is a hydrocarbon that consists...Ch. 8 - Sketch the structures for (a) methane, (b) ethane,...Ch. 8 - Draw the structure for a hydrocarbon that has a...Ch. 8 - How many different molecules have the formula...Ch. 8 - What is a carbonyl group? In which classes of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 59RQCh. 8 - 8.60 Write a chemical equation for the ionization...Ch. 8 - Match the compounds on the left with the family...Ch. 8 - Prob. 62RQCh. 8 - In each of the following pairs of compounds, which...Ch. 8 - In each of the following pairs of compounds, which...Ch. 8 - Prob. 65RQCh. 8 - *8.66 Use an enthalpy diagram to calculate the...Ch. 8 - Explain what happens to the electron...Ch. 8 - Describe what happens to the electron...Ch. 8 - 8.69 What are the electron configurations of the ...Ch. 8 - 8.70 What are the electron configurations of the ...Ch. 8 - Write the abbreviated electron configuration of...Ch. 8 - Write the abbreviated electron configuration of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 73RQCh. 8 - Prob. 74RQCh. 8 - Prob. 75RQCh. 8 - Prob. 76RQCh. 8 - How much energy, in joules, is required to break...Ch. 8 - How much energy is released in the formation of...Ch. 8 - The reason there is danger in exposure to...Ch. 8 - A mixture of H2andCl2 is stable, but a bright...Ch. 8 - Prob. 81RQCh. 8 - Use Lewis structures to diagram the formation of...Ch. 8 - Chlorine tends to form only one covalent bond...Ch. 8 - Use the octet rule to predict the formula of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 85RQCh. 8 - What would be the formula for the simplest...Ch. 8 - 8.87 Use the data in Table 8.3 to calculate the...Ch. 8 - The molecule bromine monofluoride has a dipole...Ch. 8 - Prob. 89RQCh. 8 - 8.90 The dipole moment of HF is 1.83 D and the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 91RQCh. 8 - Prob. 92RQCh. 8 - Which of the bonds in Problem 8.91 is the most...Ch. 8 - 8.94 Which of the bonds in the Problem 8.92 is the...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis structures for...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis structures for...Ch. 8 - Prob. 97RQCh. 8 - 8.98 Draw Lewis structures for
Ch. 8 - 8.99 Draw Lewis structures for (a) carbon...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis structures for (a) selenium trioxide,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 101RQCh. 8 - 8.102 Draw Lewis structures for .
Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structure for (a) CH2O (the central...Ch. 8 - Draw Lewis structures for (a) the peroxide ion,...Ch. 8 - Assign formal charges to each atom in the...Ch. 8 - 8.106 Assign formal charges to each atom in the...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structure for HCIO4. Assign formal...Ch. 8 - Draw the Lewis structure for SOCl2 (sulfur bonded...Ch. 8 - Prob. 109RQCh. 8 - 8.110 The following are two Lewis structures that...Ch. 8 - 8.111 Use Lewis structures to show that the...Ch. 8 - Use Lewis structures to show that the reaction...Ch. 8 - Draw all of the resonance structures for the N2O4...Ch. 8 - Prob. 114RQCh. 8 - How should the NO bond lengths compare in the NO3...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following in order of increasing CO...Ch. 8 - 8.117 The Lewis structure of was given as
but...Ch. 8 - *8.118 Use formal charges to establish the...Ch. 8 - 8.119 Give the formula and name of four different...Ch. 8 - Use data from the tables of ionization energies...Ch. 8 - 8.121 Changing to gaseous atoms requires a total...Ch. 8 - In many ways, tin(IV) chloride behaves more like a...Ch. 8 - In each pair, choose the one with the more polar...Ch. 8 - How many electrons are in the outer shell of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 125RQCh. 8 - 8.126 Are the following Lewis structures...Ch. 8 - Assign formal charges to all the atoms in the...Ch. 8 - 8.128 Assign formal charges to all the atoms in...Ch. 8 - The inflation of an air bag when a car experiences...Ch. 8 - 8.130 How should the sulfur-oxygen bond lengths...Ch. 8 - What is the most reasonable Lewis structure for...Ch. 8 - Prob. 132RQCh. 8 - Prob. 133RQCh. 8 - 8.134 Below is a ball-and-stick model of a type of...Ch. 8 - 8.135 Explain why ions of the representative...Ch. 8 - Use Lewis structures to show the ionization of the...Ch. 8 - The compound below, an amine, is a weak base and...Ch. 8 - 8.138 Use Lewis structures to diagram the reaction...Ch. 8 - How many grams of water could have its temperature...Ch. 8 - Prob. 140RQCh. 8 - A 38.40 mg sample of an organic acid composed of...Ch. 8 - What is the average bond energy of a CC covalent...Ch. 8 - One way of estimating the electronegativity of an...Ch. 8 - 8.144 The attractions between molecules of a...Ch. 8 - The positive end of the dipole in a water molecule...Ch. 8 - In describing the structures of molecules, we use...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Iron(III) sulfate [Fe2( SO 4)3] is composed of Fe3+ and SO42 ions. Explain why a sample of iron(III) sulfate is uncharged.arrow_forwardWhat is the most polar bond in the molecule?arrow_forwardThe isobutyl anion can be formed from When the CNa bond is broken so that both electrons remain with the carbon atom, the result is +Na+arrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis structure of a neutral molecule that is a naturally occurring combination ofhydrogen atoms and one sulfur atom. What is the shape of this molecule?arrow_forwardDraw Lewis diagrams for the following compounds. In the formula the symbol of the central atom is given first. (Hint: The valence octet may be expanded for the central atom.) (a) PF5 (b) SF4 (c) XeO2F2arrow_forwardFollowing is a molecule with polar bonds whose shape was obtained using the VSEPR theory. Specify the molecular shape of this molecule, and whether the molecule is polar or nonpolar. (Hint: In terms of polarity, see whether the dipoles in the molecule cancel or not. A molecule containing polar bonds can be nanpolar if the dipoles cancel each other. You can imagine the dipoles as ropes pulling on the central atom–If the pulls cancel each other, that is, the central atom cannot move, then the molecule is nonpolar. If on the other hand the opposite is true, then the molecule is polar.) O trigonal pyramidal shape, nonpolar O trigonal planar shape, nonpolar O tetrahedral shape, polar O trigonal pyramidal shape, polar O trigonal planar shape, polararrow_forward
- What does “polar” means, in the case of an ionized molecules and how is this related to “charged” of a moleculearrow_forwardDecide whether each molecule or polyatomic ion is polar or nonpolar. If the molecule or polyatomic ion is polar, write the chemical symbol of the atom closest to the negative side. For example, if the molecule were Ha and you decided the hydrogen atom was closest to the negative side of the molecule, you'd enter ":" in the last column of the table. molecule or polyatomic ion polar or nonpolar? atom closest to negative side polar HI O nonpolar O polar H,S O nonpolar O polar CH4 O nonpolararrow_forwardAnswer the questions in the table below about the shape of the phosgene (COCI,) molecule. How many electron groups are around the central carbon atom? Note: one "electron group" means one lone pair, one single bond, one double bond, or one triple bond. What phrase best describes the arrangement of these electron groups around the central carbon atom? (You may need to use the scrollbar to see all the choices.) (choose one)arrow_forward
- Part T Would SF, have polar or nonpolar covalent bonds and which atom will be partially negative? There is not enough information to answer this question. The molecule has polar covalent bonds and fluorine is partially negative. The molecule has polar covalent bonds and sulfur is partially negative. The molecule has nonpolar covalent bonds and fluorine is partially negative.arrow_forwardHow can you determine which bond in a structure is more polar without using an electronegativity table?arrow_forwardPlease refer to the example image to answer. You must use CER, claim-evidence-reasoning. Make sure that your answer is CLEAR and explained well. Claim is your answer to the question. Evidence is from the image and reasoning is your explanation. Proper evidence for all Lewis structures include: Most electronegative atom must be in the center. Octet of electrons surrounding each atom. Total number of electrons depicted equals same total number of valence electrons from each participating atom. Make sure to refer to the example image because it shows the correct Lewis structures. The question you're answering is about the students drawing of CH20.arrow_forward
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