Chapter 7.9, Problem 33CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The expected product should be drawn given solvolysis reaction.

Concept Introduction:

• Highly polarizable reagents are considered as strong nucleophiles if the conjugate acid of the nucleophile has little nature then those nucleophiles considered as weak bases too. If the reagent is not polarizable and has basic nature, then the reagent is considered as strong base.
• Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.
• If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.
• If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ mechanism rather than ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)
• If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.
• Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.
• Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.
• Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

  Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The expected product should be drawn given solvolysis reaction.

Concept Introduction:

• Highly polarizable reagents are considered as strong nucleophiles if the conjugate acid of the nucleophile has little nature then those nucleophiles considered as weak bases too. If the reagent is not polarizable and has basic nature, then the reagent is considered as strong base.
• Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.
• If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.
• If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ mechanism rather than ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)
• If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.
• Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.
• Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.
• Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

  Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The expected product should be drawn given solvolysis reaction.

Concept Introduction:

• Highly polarizable reagents are considered as strong nucleophiles if the conjugate acid of the nucleophile has little nature then those nucleophiles considered as weak bases too. If the reagent is not polarizable and has basic nature, then the reagent is considered as strong base.
• Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.
• If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.
• If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ mechanism rather than ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)
• If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.
• Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.
• Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.
• Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

  Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The expected product should be drawn given solvolysis reaction.

Concept Introduction:

• Highly polarizable reagents are considered as strong nucleophiles if the conjugate acid of the nucleophile has little nature then those nucleophiles considered as weak bases too. If the reagent is not polarizable and has basic nature, then the reagent is considered as strong base.
• Reaction mechanism path is depending on both natures of substrate and reagent.
• If the reagent is strong base as well as strong nucleophile and the substrate is primary alkyl halide then the reaction follows ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ mechanism if the substrate is secondary alkyl halide then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ mechanism reagent should be strong nucleophile.
• If the substrate is tertiary alkyl halide, then the reaction follows ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ mechanism rather than ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ mechanism. (when the reagent is strong nucleophile)
• If the reagent is strong bulky base, then the reaction follows E2 mechanism. For E2 reaction, reagent should be strong base.
• Proton-Transfer: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the protons gets transferred from the acid to the base. It is used to remove the positive charge present in the substrate due to neutral nucleophile in substitution reaction.
• Solvolysis: The reaction is defined as solvolysis reaction if solvent acts as nucleophile in the given reaction.
• Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

  Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation