The structure of the carbocation must be drawn that is expected from the ionization of the alkyl halide . The possible resonance structures must be drawn for the resonance stabilized carbocation. Concept Introduction : Carbocations are intermediates that are formed due to the heterolytic cleavage of bonds.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7.8, Problem 21PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn that is expected from the ionization of the alkyl halide. The possible resonance structures must be drawn for the resonance stabilized carbocation.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are intermediates that are formed due to the heterolytic cleavage of bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn for the carbocations which are resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed when the carbon-halogen bond undergoes heterolytic cleavage.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be obtained from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn if the carbocation is resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed as a result of heterolytic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. If the carbocation is resonance stabilized, then resonance structures must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocation is formed when C-X bond is cleaved heterolytically.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be formed by the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 7.8, Problem 21PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn that is expected from the ionization of the alkyl halide. The possible resonance structures must be drawn for the resonance stabilized carbocation.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are intermediates that are formed due to the heterolytic cleavage of bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn for the carbocations which are resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed when the carbon-halogen bond undergoes heterolytic cleavage.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be obtained from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn if the carbocation is resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed as a result of heterolytic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. If the carbocation is resonance stabilized, then resonance structures must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocation is formed when C-X bond is cleaved heterolytically.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be formed by the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 7.8, Problem 21PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn that is expected from the ionization of the alkyl halide. The possible resonance structures must be drawn for the resonance stabilized carbocation.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are intermediates that are formed due to the heterolytic cleavage of bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn for the carbocations which are resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed when the carbon-halogen bond undergoes heterolytic cleavage.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be obtained from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn if the carbocation is resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed as a result of heterolytic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. If the carbocation is resonance stabilized, then resonance structures must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocation is formed when C-X bond is cleaved heterolytically.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be formed by the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 7.8, Problem 21PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn that is expected from the ionization of the alkyl halide. The possible resonance structures must be drawn for the resonance stabilized carbocation.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are intermediates that are formed due to the heterolytic cleavage of bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn for the carbocations which are resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed when the carbon-halogen bond undergoes heterolytic cleavage.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be obtained from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn if the carbocation is resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed as a result of heterolytic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. If the carbocation is resonance stabilized, then resonance structures must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocation is formed when C-X bond is cleaved heterolytically.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be formed by the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

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Answer 5

Chapter 7.8, Problem 21PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn that is expected from the ionization of the alkyl halide. The possible resonance structures must be drawn for the resonance stabilized carbocation.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are intermediates that are formed due to the heterolytic cleavage of bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn for the carbocations which are resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed when the carbon-halogen bond undergoes heterolytic cleavage.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be obtained from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn if the carbocation is resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed as a result of heterolytic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. If the carbocation is resonance stabilized, then resonance structures must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocation is formed when C-X bond is cleaved heterolytically.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be formed by the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Answer 6

Chapter 7.8, Problem 21PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn that is expected from the ionization of the alkyl halide. The possible resonance structures must be drawn for the resonance stabilized carbocation.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are intermediates that are formed due to the heterolytic cleavage of bonds.

Answer 7

Chapter 7.8, Problem 21PTS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn that is expected from the ionization of the alkyl halide. The possible resonance structures must be drawn for the resonance stabilized carbocation.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are intermediates that are formed due to the heterolytic cleavage of bonds.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn for the carbocations which are resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed when the carbon-halogen bond undergoes heterolytic cleavage.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn for the carbocations which are resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed when the carbon-halogen bond undergoes heterolytic cleavage.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be obtained from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn if the carbocation is resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed as a result of heterolytic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be obtained from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Resonance structures must be drawn if the carbocation is resonance stabilized.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocations are formed as a result of heterolytic cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. If the carbocation is resonance stabilized, then resonance structures must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocation is formed when C-X bond is cleaved heterolytically.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. If the carbocation is resonance stabilized, then resonance structures must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocation is formed when C-X bond is cleaved heterolytically.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be formed by the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be formed by the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Answer 18

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Answer 19

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Answer 20

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Answer 21

(h)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Answer 22

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Answer 23

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 24

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Answer 25

Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 3PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 6ATS Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 8CC

Solution Summary: The author explains that carbocations are intermediates that are formed due to the heterolytic cleavage of bonds.

Concept explainers

Interpretation:

Structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. If the carbocation is resonance stabilized, then resonance structures must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocation is formed when C-X bond is cleaved heterolytically.

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be formed by the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide.

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

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Chapter 7 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that carbocations are intermediates that are formed due to the heterolytic cleavage of bonds.

Concept explainers

Interpretation: Structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. If the carbocation is resonance stabilized, then resonance structures must be drawn. Concept Introduction : Carbocation is formed when C-X bond is cleaved heterolytically.

Interpretation: The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be formed by the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Concept Introduction : The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide.

Interpretation: The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Concept Introduction : The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Interpretation: The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Concept Introduction : The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Interpretation: The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. Concept Introduction : The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

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Chapter 7 Solutions

Interpretation:

Structure of the carbocation must be drawn which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide. If the carbocation is resonance stabilized, then resonance structures must be drawn.

Concept Introduction :

Carbocation is formed when C-X bond is cleaved heterolytically.

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be drawn which will be formed by the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide.

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.

Interpretation:

The structure of the carbocation must be shown which is expected from the ionization of the given alkyl halide.

Concept Introduction :

The carbocations are formed due to heterolytic cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds of alkyl halide.