The mechanism for the reaction of 2-butyne with one equivalent of bromine should be given. Concept Introduction: Addition of halides to alkynes : Halogens like chlorine and bromine adds to the alkyne compounds. The general form of the reaction is given below. If excess halides are present, a second addition reaction also occurs.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 7.6, Problem 13P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the reaction of 2-butyne with one equivalent of bromine should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of halides to alkynes: Halogens like chlorine and bromine adds to the alkyne compounds. The general form of the reaction is given below.

If excess halides are present, a second addition reaction also occurs.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The configuration of the product obtained in the above reaction should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of halides to alkynes: Halogens like chlorine and bromine adds to the alkyne compounds. The general form of the reaction is given below.

If excess halides are present, a second addition reaction also occurs.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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