BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.4, Problem 1LO
Relate the nine reactions of the citric acid cycle to the flow of carbon and electrons in the cycle.
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Arrange the following steps in the catabolism of carbohydrates in the orderby which they occur: the electron transport chain, the conversion of glucose to acetyl CoA, the hydrolysis of starch, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle.
Describe the citric acid cycle by identifying the following:
The form in which carbon atoms leave the cycle
The form in which hydrogen atoms and electrons leave the cycle
Identify the enzymes at three control/regulation points
The fuel needed by the cycle
Follow the two carbon atoms that enter the citric acid cycle (C₂). Are the two CO₂ molecules given off in
one turn of the citric acid cycle composed of the same 2 carbon atoms that entered the cycle?
NADH + H+
NAD+
H
HỌ—C—COO-
H₂C-COO-
°↑
7
FADH₂
0 C-C00
H₂C-COO-
Oxaloacetate
Malate
HC-COO-
-OOC-CH Fumarate
FAD
Succinate
H₂C-COO
H₂C-COO
CH,CO—S-CoA
Acetyl coenzyme A
GTP
COA
GDP
COA
H₂C-COO-
HỌ–C–COO-
H₂C-COO-
Citrate
H₂C-COO-
Isocitrate HC-COO-
HO–C–COO
H
e
T
CO₂
Succinyl COA
H₂C-COO-
CO₂
a-Ketoglutarate
CoA
H₂C-CO-S-CoA
H₂C-COO
H₂C
0-C-COO-
NAD+
NADH + H+
NAD+
NADH + H+
Chapter 7 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.1 - Explain the role of electron carriers in energy...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.2 - Calculate the energy yield from glycolysis.Ch. 7.2 - Distinguish between aerobic respiration and...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.4 - Relate the nine reactions of the citric acid cycle...Ch. 7.4 - Diagram the oxidation reactions in the citric acid...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.6 - Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced by...Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.8 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.8 - Distinguish between fermentation and anaerobic...Ch. 7.9 - Identify the entry points for proteins and fats in...Ch. 7.9 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.10 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7 - Prob. 1DACh. 7 - Prob. 1UCh. 7 - Prob. 2UCh. 7 - Which of the following is NOT a product of...Ch. 7 - Glycolysis produces ATP by a. phosphorylating...Ch. 7 - What is the role of NAD+ in the process of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6UCh. 7 - The electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 can be a....Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ACh. 7 - Prob. 2ACh. 7 - Prob. 3ACh. 7 - What is the importance of fermentation to cellular...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5ACh. 7 - A chemical agent that makes holes in the inner...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7ACh. 7 - Use the following table to outline the...Ch. 7 - Human babies and hibernating or cold-adapted...Ch. 7 - Recent data indicate a link between colder...
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- How many carbons from the original glucose molecule enter each round of the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardmatch the cofactor with its function in the citric acid cycle by entering the number corresponding with the function. A given function may be used more than one time or not at all. Use from the following list of functions to fill in the table below: carries O2 carries small carbon-containing molecules carries e- carries small nitrogen-containing molecules Cofactor Function NAD+/NADH FAD/FADH2 CoA thiamine biotinarrow_forwardHow many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced by one molecule of glucose proceeding through the citric acid cycle?arrow_forward
- What are the final products of the citric acid cycle (including the transitional phase) for the breakdown of 1 glucose molecule?arrow_forwardIdentify the enzymes that are considered rate limiting in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.arrow_forwardUsing the following glycolisis diagram, a. name all the steps in citric acid cycle, what are the intermediates. refer to the diagram given. b. Is glycolysis endothermic or exothermic.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the sixth step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 b. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH c. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) e. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH f. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide i. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SHarrow_forwardPlace the following steps in the catabolism of carbohydrates in order: the electron transport chain, the conversion of glucose to acetyl CoA, the hydrolysis of starch, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle.arrow_forwardDescribe the movement of energy during acetyl–CoA formationand the citric acid cycle.arrow_forward
- a) Describe the three irreversible reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle. Ensure to indicate their purpose/role, the substrates and products, the enzyme involved, and any significant features of the reaction. b) Why are these reactions considered irreversible (why can't they be reversed)? c) Using one of the reactions as an example, explain why it is important for the cell that the reaction is irreversible.arrow_forwardUsing the following diagram, a. name all the steps in citric acid cycle. (What are the intermediates) b. Is glycolysis endothermic or exothermic. Thanksarrow_forwardIndicate whether the following statements are true or false:- a) The pentose phosphate pathway of glucose oxidation can lead to the release of energy. b) NAD + is a coenzyme of transketolase.arrow_forward
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