Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.2, Problem 6QC
Where are the six main fontanels located?
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 7 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 7.1 - 1. Which parts of the skeleton belong to the...Ch. 7.1 - Where are skeletal cartilages located?Ch. 7.1 - 3. What are some functions of bone markings?
Ch. 7.2 - 1. Match each bone with the correct description...Ch. 7.2 - 2. Which bones form the orbit?
Ch. 7.2 - 3. What are the paranasal sinuses, and how are...Ch. 7.2 - 4. How are the oral and nasal cavities related...Ch. 7.2 - What are fontanels, and why are they important in...Ch. 7.2 - Where are the six main fontanels located?Ch. 7.2 - What is unique about the hyoid bone?
Ch. 7.3 - 1. How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral,...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 7.3 - Compare scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis.Ch. 7.3 - How do the atlas and axis differ from other...Ch. 7.3 - Identify each of the following characteristics as...Ch. 7.3 - 6. Describe the structure of an intervertebral...Ch. 7.3 - 7. What are the three components of the sternum?
Ch. 7.3 - How do true, false, and floating ribs differ?Ch. 7.4 - With which structures does the clavicle...Ch. 7.4 - 2. What are the glenoid cavity, acromion, and...Ch. 7.4 - 3. With which structures does the humerus...Ch. 7.4 - Describe the structure and location of the...Ch. 7.4 - 5. How do the radius and ulna differ in their...Ch. 7.4 - Which parts of the radius and ulna articulate with...Ch. 7.4 - With what other bones do the radius and ulna...Ch. 7.4 - 8. List the proximal and distal carpal bones from...Ch. 7.4 - 9. How many metacarpals and phalanges are in the...Ch. 7.4 - 10. What are the three parts of a metacarpal and...Ch. 7.5 - With which bones does the femur articulate? Be...Ch. 7.5 - Which parts of the femur form these articulations?Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 7.5 - 4. With which bones does the tibia articulate?...Ch. 7.5 - 5. What are the bony projections of the medial...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 7.5 - How does the structure of the foot and toes...Ch. 7.5 - 8. What are the three arches of the foot?
Ch. 7 - 1. Which of the following are considered parts of...Ch. 7 - 2. ________is the anatomical name for a hole in a...Ch. 7 - Fill in the blanks: The two parietal bones are...Ch. 7 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 7 - The only moveable bone in the adult skull is the:...Ch. 7 - 6. The structure(s) that divide the nasal cavity...Ch. 7 - The soft spots in an infants skull are known as:...Ch. 7 - 8. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 7 - 9. Transverse foramina are a characteristic of...Ch. 7 - Fill in the blanks: The inferior portion of the...Ch. 7 - How do true, false, and floating ribs differ from...Ch. 7 - Which of the following portions of the scapula...Ch. 7 - Fill in the blanks: The only bone of the arm is...Ch. 7 - The elbow bone is called the: a. trochlea. b....Ch. 7 - Which of the following is not a proximal carpal...Ch. 7 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 7 - 17. The most lateral projection of the proximal...Ch. 7 - 18. Fill in the blanks: The bones of the leg are...Ch. 7 - 19. The heel bone is more properly known as...Ch. 7 - The arch(es) of the foot are the: a. transverse...Ch. 7 - How do the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) differ...Ch. 7 - Explain how abnormal bone structure could affect...Ch. 7 - What structures form the knee and elbow joints? Of...Ch. 7 - A deviated septum results when the nasal septum is...Ch. 7 - Mrs. Dent presents to the clinic with back pain....Ch. 7 - You arrive on the scene where a person without a...Ch. 7 - Predict where each of the following structures is...
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- 3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AILarrow_forwardNormal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forward
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