Biology
Biology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321794260
Author: Audesirk, Teresa/ Audesirk
Publisher: Pearson College Div
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Chapter 7.2, Problem 1CYL
Summary Introduction

To list: The light-capturing molecules in chloroplasts and also describe its functions.

Introduction:

Chloroplast is the only cell organelle which is found in leaves of plants. It helps in photosynthesis by converting light energy into chemical energy to produce food for plants in the form of glucose which is stored in leaves of the plant in the form of sucrose.

Summary Introduction

To draw: The molecules found within thylakoid membrane and also explain how they capture and transfer light energy.

Introduction:

The photosynthesis is a process in which the green plants and algae obtains their nutrients. This process takes place in chloroplast where chlorophyll molecules are present. The chloroplast contains thylakoid molecules where light reaction takes place. The end product of the light reaction is the formation of ATP and NADPH which is an energy storing molecule which together helps in driving the Calvin cycle in stroma of chloroplast.

Summary Introduction

To describe: The products of light reactions and role of each product.

Introduction:

The light reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast where the two photosystem units are present. This light reaction of photosyntesis is also called as Z scheme because the light first strike to photosystem unit I where 2e- (two electrons) are released and then these electrons along with some additional light strikes in photosystem II. The end product of light reaction is the production of ATP and NADPH.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The process of generation of ATP.

Introduction:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the “energy currency” of cells, which is required to carry out all the cellular processes. ATP within cells acts as an instant source of energy. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is another energy rich nucleotide use in cellular reaction. GTP is analogous to ATP, which is comprised of ribose sugar, guanine and three phosphate groups.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
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