The three alkenes which are formed in the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2 − pentanol are to be determined. Concept introduction: > The dehydration of alcohol results in the loss of H 2 O molecule and formation of the corresponding alkene. > The H and OH are lost from adjacent carbons. > In case of primary alcohols, only one product is formed, but in case of secondary and tertiary alcohols, there is a possibility of more than one product formation whenthecarbon attached to the OH group is bonded to nonequivalent adjacent carbons. > According to Zaitsev rule, the most substituted alkene is the major product. > If the double bond has different groups attached, then there is a possibility of the formation of stereoisomers as cis and trans forms of the alkene. > The trans alkene is more stable than cis alkene, hence, a trans alkene is a major product and cis alkene is a minor product.

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Chapter 7.11, Problem 18P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The three alkenes which are formed in the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2−pentanol are to be determined.

Concept introduction:
>
The dehydration of alcohol results in the loss of H2O molecule and formation of the corresponding alkene.
>
The H and OH are lost from adjacent carbons.
>
In case of primary alcohols, only one product is formed, but in case of secondary and tertiary alcohols, there is a possibility of more than one product formation whenthecarbon attached to the OH group is bonded to nonequivalent adjacent carbons.
>
According to Zaitsev rule, the most substituted alkene is the major product.
>
If the double bond has different groups attached, then there is a possibility of the formation of stereoisomers as cis and trans forms of the alkene.
>
The trans alkene is more stable than cis alkene, hence, a trans alkene is a major product and cis alkene is a minor product.

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