
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134112831
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 9E
Interpretation Introduction
To explain: Diffraction and draw the diffraction pattern.
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(a
4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded
actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters,
al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the
same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter.
A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with
the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation.
B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your
prediction using the van Deemter terms.
C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33?
Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of
this figure.
Figure 4 SEM images of
sections of packed columns
for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d.
capillary columns.³
fcrip
= ↓ bandwidth Il temp
32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual
components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening?
Increase temperature
Longer column
Using a gas mobile phase
instead of liquid
Smaller particle stationary phase
Multiple Paths
Diffusion
Mass Transfer
34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.).
A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth.
B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or
decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer.
Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was
obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles.
35
20
H(um)
큰 20
15
90
0+
1500
100
75
550
01
02
594
05
μ(cm/sec)
30
15
10
Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)
Ch. 7 - Which wavelength of light has the highest...Ch. 7 - Q2. Which kind of electromagnetic radiation...Ch. 7 - Q3. How much energy (in J) is contained in 1.00...Ch. 7 - Q4. Light from three different lasers (A, B, and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 7 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 7 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 7 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 7 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 7 - Prob. 10SAQ
Ch. 7 - 1. Why is the quantum mechanical model of the atom...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2ECh. 7 - 3. Define the wavelength and amplitude of a wave....Ch. 7 - 4. Define the frequency of electromagnetic...Ch. 7 - 5. What determines the color of light? Describe...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6ECh. 7 - Prob. 7ECh. 7 - Prob. 8ECh. 7 - Prob. 9ECh. 7 - 10. Describe the photoelectric effect. How did...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11ECh. 7 - 12. What is a photon? How is the energy of a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 13ECh. 7 - Prob. 14ECh. 7 - Prob. 15ECh. 7 - Prob. 16ECh. 7 - 17. What are complementary properties? How does...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18ECh. 7 - 19. What is a trajectory? What kind of information...Ch. 7 - Prob. 20ECh. 7 - 21. Newton’s laws of motion are deterministic....Ch. 7 - Prob. 22ECh. 7 - 23. What is a probability distribution map?
Ch. 7 - 24. For each solution to the Schrödinger equation,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25ECh. 7 - 26. What is the Schrödinger equation? What is a...Ch. 7 - 27. What are the possible values of the principal...Ch. 7 - 28. What are the possible values of the angular...Ch. 7 - 29. What are the possible values of the magnetic...Ch. 7 - 30. List all the orbitals in each principal level....Ch. 7 - 31. Explain the difference between a plot showing...Ch. 7 - 32. Make sketches of the general shapes of the s,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 33ECh. 7 - 34. Why are atoms usually portrayed as spheres...Ch. 7 - 35. The distance from the sun to Earth is km. How...Ch. 7 - Prob. 36ECh. 7 - 37. List these types of electromagnetic radiation...Ch. 7 - 38. List these types of electromagnetic radiation...Ch. 7 - 39. Calculate the frequency of each wavelength of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 40ECh. 7 - 41. Calculate the energy of a photon of...Ch. 7 - 42. Calculate the energy of a photon of...Ch. 7 - 43. A laser pulse with wavelength 532 nm contains...Ch. 7 - Prob. 44ECh. 7 - 45. Determine the energy of 1 mol of photons for...Ch. 7 - 46. How much energy is contained in 1 mol of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 47ECh. 7 - Prob. 48ECh. 7 - Prob. 49ECh. 7 - 50. The smallest atoms can themselves exhibit...Ch. 7 - 51. What is the de Broglie wavelength of an...Ch. 7 - 52. A proton in a linear accelerator has a de...Ch. 7 - 53. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a 143-g...Ch. 7 - 54. A 0.22-caliber handgun fires a 1.9-g bullet at...Ch. 7 - 55. An electron has an uncertainty in its position...Ch. 7 - 56. An electron traveling at 3.7 × 105 m/s has an...Ch. 7 - 57. Which electron is, on average, closer to the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 58ECh. 7 - 59. What are the possible values of l for each...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60ECh. 7 - 61. Which set of quantum numbers cannot specify an...Ch. 7 - 62. Which combinations of n and l represent real...Ch. 7 - 63. Sketch the 1s and 2p orbitals. How do the 2s...Ch. 7 - Prob. 64ECh. 7 - 65. An electron in a hydrogen atom is excited with...Ch. 7 - 66. Determine whether each transition in the...Ch. 7 - 67. According to the quantum-mechanical model for...Ch. 7 - 68. According to the quantum-mechanical model for...Ch. 7 - 69. Calculate the wavelength of the light emitted...Ch. 7 - 70. Calculate the frequency of the light emitted...Ch. 7 - 71. An electron in the n = 7 level of the hydrogen...Ch. 7 - Prob. 72ECh. 7 - 73. Ultraviolet radiation and radiation of shorter...Ch. 7 - Prob. 74ECh. 7 - Prob. 75ECh. 7 - 76. A green leaf has a surface area of 2.50 cm2....Ch. 7 - 77. In a technique used for surface analysis...Ch. 7 - Prob. 78ECh. 7 - Prob. 79ECh. 7 - 80. The energy required to ionize sodium is 496...Ch. 7 - Prob. 81ECh. 7 - 82. Suppose that, in an alternate universe, the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 83ECh. 7 - Prob. 84ECh. 7 - 85. The binding energy of electrons in a metal is...Ch. 7 - 86. In order for a thermonuclear fusion reaction...Ch. 7 - Prob. 87ECh. 7 - 88. The distance from Earth to the sun is 1.5 ×...Ch. 7 - 89. The iodine molecule can be photodissociated...Ch. 7 - 90. A 5.00-mL ampule of a 0.100-M solution of...Ch. 7 - 91. A laser produces 20.0 mW of red light. In 1.00...Ch. 7 - Prob. 92ECh. 7 - 93. The quantum yield of light-induced chemical...Ch. 7 - Prob. 94ECh. 7 - Prob. 95ECh. 7 - Prob. 96ECh. 7 - Prob. 97ECh. 7 - Prob. 98ECh. 7 - 99. Find the velocity of an electron emitted by a...Ch. 7 - 100. Water is exposed to infrared radiation of...Ch. 7 - 101. The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics was given, in...Ch. 7 - 102. A metal with a threshold frequency of 6.71 ×...Ch. 7 - Prob. 103ECh. 7 - Prob. 104ECh. 7 - 105. Explain the difference between the Bohr model...Ch. 7 - 106. The light emitted from one of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 107ECh. 7 - Prob. 108ECh. 7 - 109. Discuss the nature of light with your group....Ch. 7 - Prob. 110QGWCh. 7 - Prob. 111QGWCh. 7 - Prob. 112QGWCh. 7 - Prob. 113QGWCh. 7 - 114. On average sunlight shines on the surface of...
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