Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134112831
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 94E
Interpretation Introduction
To determine: The quantum yield.
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AG/F-2° V
3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook
where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized.
Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14:
-0.93
+0.38
-0.50
-0.51 -0.06
H3PO4 →H4P206 →H3PO3 →→H3PO₂ → P → PH3
Acidic solution
Basic solution
-0.28
-0.50
3--1.12
-1.57
-2.05 -0.89
PO HPO H₂PO₂ →P → PH3
-1.73
a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the
formation and reduction of H4P206 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both
processes; comment.
(3 points)
0.5
PH
P
0.0
-0.5
-1.0-
-1.5-
-2.0
H.PO,
-2.3+
-3 -2
-1
1
2
3
2
H,PO,
b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic
conditions is shown. Identify possible
disproportionation and comproportionation processes;
write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points)
H,PO
4
S
Oxidation stale, N
4. For the following complexes, draw the structures and give a d-electron count of the
metal:
a) Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III)
b) Hexabromoplatinate(2-)
c) Potassium diamminetetrabromocobaltate(III)
(6 points)
2. Calculate the overall formation constant for [Fe(CN)6]³, given that the overall formation
constant for [Fe(CN)6] 4 is ~1032, and that:
Fe3+ (aq) + e
= Fe²+ (aq)
E° = +0.77 V
[Fe(CN)6]³ (aq) + e¯ = [Fe(CN)6] (aq) E° = +0.36 V
(4 points)
Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)
Ch. 7 - Which wavelength of light has the highest...Ch. 7 - Q2. Which kind of electromagnetic radiation...Ch. 7 - Q3. How much energy (in J) is contained in 1.00...Ch. 7 - Q4. Light from three different lasers (A, B, and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 7 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 7 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 7 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 7 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 7 - Prob. 10SAQ
Ch. 7 - 1. Why is the quantum mechanical model of the atom...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2ECh. 7 - 3. Define the wavelength and amplitude of a wave....Ch. 7 - 4. Define the frequency of electromagnetic...Ch. 7 - 5. What determines the color of light? Describe...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6ECh. 7 - Prob. 7ECh. 7 - Prob. 8ECh. 7 - Prob. 9ECh. 7 - 10. Describe the photoelectric effect. How did...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11ECh. 7 - 12. What is a photon? How is the energy of a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 13ECh. 7 - Prob. 14ECh. 7 - Prob. 15ECh. 7 - Prob. 16ECh. 7 - 17. What are complementary properties? How does...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18ECh. 7 - 19. What is a trajectory? What kind of information...Ch. 7 - Prob. 20ECh. 7 - 21. Newton’s laws of motion are deterministic....Ch. 7 - Prob. 22ECh. 7 - 23. What is a probability distribution map?
Ch. 7 - 24. For each solution to the Schrödinger equation,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25ECh. 7 - 26. What is the Schrödinger equation? What is a...Ch. 7 - 27. What are the possible values of the principal...Ch. 7 - 28. What are the possible values of the angular...Ch. 7 - 29. What are the possible values of the magnetic...Ch. 7 - 30. List all the orbitals in each principal level....Ch. 7 - 31. Explain the difference between a plot showing...Ch. 7 - 32. Make sketches of the general shapes of the s,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 33ECh. 7 - 34. Why are atoms usually portrayed as spheres...Ch. 7 - 35. The distance from the sun to Earth is km. How...Ch. 7 - Prob. 36ECh. 7 - 37. List these types of electromagnetic radiation...Ch. 7 - 38. List these types of electromagnetic radiation...Ch. 7 - 39. Calculate the frequency of each wavelength of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 40ECh. 7 - 41. Calculate the energy of a photon of...Ch. 7 - 42. Calculate the energy of a photon of...Ch. 7 - 43. A laser pulse with wavelength 532 nm contains...Ch. 7 - Prob. 44ECh. 7 - 45. Determine the energy of 1 mol of photons for...Ch. 7 - 46. How much energy is contained in 1 mol of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 47ECh. 7 - Prob. 48ECh. 7 - Prob. 49ECh. 7 - 50. The smallest atoms can themselves exhibit...Ch. 7 - 51. What is the de Broglie wavelength of an...Ch. 7 - 52. A proton in a linear accelerator has a de...Ch. 7 - 53. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a 143-g...Ch. 7 - 54. A 0.22-caliber handgun fires a 1.9-g bullet at...Ch. 7 - 55. An electron has an uncertainty in its position...Ch. 7 - 56. An electron traveling at 3.7 × 105 m/s has an...Ch. 7 - 57. Which electron is, on average, closer to the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 58ECh. 7 - 59. What are the possible values of l for each...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60ECh. 7 - 61. Which set of quantum numbers cannot specify an...Ch. 7 - 62. Which combinations of n and l represent real...Ch. 7 - 63. Sketch the 1s and 2p orbitals. How do the 2s...Ch. 7 - Prob. 64ECh. 7 - 65. An electron in a hydrogen atom is excited with...Ch. 7 - 66. Determine whether each transition in the...Ch. 7 - 67. According to the quantum-mechanical model for...Ch. 7 - 68. According to the quantum-mechanical model for...Ch. 7 - 69. Calculate the wavelength of the light emitted...Ch. 7 - 70. Calculate the frequency of the light emitted...Ch. 7 - 71. An electron in the n = 7 level of the hydrogen...Ch. 7 - Prob. 72ECh. 7 - 73. Ultraviolet radiation and radiation of shorter...Ch. 7 - Prob. 74ECh. 7 - Prob. 75ECh. 7 - 76. A green leaf has a surface area of 2.50 cm2....Ch. 7 - 77. In a technique used for surface analysis...Ch. 7 - Prob. 78ECh. 7 - Prob. 79ECh. 7 - 80. The energy required to ionize sodium is 496...Ch. 7 - Prob. 81ECh. 7 - 82. Suppose that, in an alternate universe, the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 83ECh. 7 - Prob. 84ECh. 7 - 85. The binding energy of electrons in a metal is...Ch. 7 - 86. In order for a thermonuclear fusion reaction...Ch. 7 - Prob. 87ECh. 7 - 88. The distance from Earth to the sun is 1.5 ×...Ch. 7 - 89. The iodine molecule can be photodissociated...Ch. 7 - 90. A 5.00-mL ampule of a 0.100-M solution of...Ch. 7 - 91. A laser produces 20.0 mW of red light. In 1.00...Ch. 7 - Prob. 92ECh. 7 - 93. The quantum yield of light-induced chemical...Ch. 7 - Prob. 94ECh. 7 - Prob. 95ECh. 7 - Prob. 96ECh. 7 - Prob. 97ECh. 7 - Prob. 98ECh. 7 - 99. Find the velocity of an electron emitted by a...Ch. 7 - 100. Water is exposed to infrared radiation of...Ch. 7 - 101. The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics was given, in...Ch. 7 - 102. A metal with a threshold frequency of 6.71 ×...Ch. 7 - Prob. 103ECh. 7 - Prob. 104ECh. 7 - 105. Explain the difference between the Bohr model...Ch. 7 - 106. The light emitted from one of the following...Ch. 7 - Prob. 107ECh. 7 - Prob. 108ECh. 7 - 109. Discuss the nature of light with your group....Ch. 7 - Prob. 110QGWCh. 7 - Prob. 111QGWCh. 7 - Prob. 112QGWCh. 7 - Prob. 113QGWCh. 7 - 114. On average sunlight shines on the surface of...
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- 5. Consider the compounds shown below as ligands in coordination chemistry and identify their denticity; comment on their ability to form chelate complexes. (6 points) N N A B N N N IN N Carrow_forward1. Use standard reduction potentials to rationalize quantitatively why: (6 points) (a) Al liberates H2 from dilute HCl, but Ag does not; (b) Cl2 liberates Br2 from aqueous KBr solution, but does not liberate C12 from aqueous KCl solution; c) a method of growing Ag crystals is to immerse a zinc foil in an aqueous solution of AgNO3.arrow_forwardWhat would be the best choices for the missing reagents 1 and 3 in this synthesis? 1 1. PPh3 2. n-BuLi 3 2 • Draw the missing reagents in the drawing area below. You can draw them in any arrangement you like. • Do not draw the missing reagent 2. If you draw 1 correctly, we'll know what it is. • Note: if one of your reagents needs to contain a halogen, use bromine. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forward
- What is the missing reactant R in this organic reaction? N N H3O+ +R + • Draw the structure of R in the drawing area below. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if it's necessary to draw one particular enantiomer. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. fmarrow_forwardThe product on the right-hand side of this reaction can be prepared from two organic reactants, under the conditions shown above and below the arrow. Draw 1 and 2 below, in any arrangement you like. 1+2 NaBH3CN H+ N Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 5arrow_forwardAssign this HSQC Spectrum ( please editing clearly on the image)arrow_forward
- (a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³arrow_forwardfcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transferarrow_forward34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10arrow_forward
- elow are experimentally determined van Deemter plots of column efficiency, H, vs. flow rate. H is a quantitative measurement of band broadening. The left plot is for a liquid chromatography application and the night is for gas chromatography. Compare and contrast these two plots in terms of the three band broadening mechanisms presented in this activity. How are they similar? How do they differ? Justify your answers.? 0.4 H (mm) 0.2 0.1- 0.3- 0 0.5 H (mm) 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0- 3.0 T +++ 1.0 1.5 0 2.0 4.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s) 6.0 8.0 Flow Rate, u (cm/s)arrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: + H ZH NaBH3CN H+ n. ? Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forwardWhat is the missing reactant R in this organic reaction? + R H3O+ + • Draw the structure of R in the drawing area below. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds if it's necessary to draw one particular enantiomer. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
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