Introduction to Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073523002
Author: Rich Bauer, James Birk Professor Dr., Pamela S. Marks
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 7, Problem 98QP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Whether potassium or calcium has higher second ionization enthalpy is to
Concept Introduction:
The second ionization energy is higher than the first ionization energy as the electron has to be removed from a positively charged ion. The nucleus holds core electrons strongly compared to valence electrons and therefore ionization enthalpy of core electrons is very high.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.
(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B?
(b) Draw the orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons?
(c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons in boron differ from its 2s electrons.
(d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas.
(e) ΔHf° for BF3(g) is -1135.6 kj/mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in the reaction of boron with fluorine.
(f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?
Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Drawthe orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons inboron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation forthe reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF31g2 is -1135.6 kJ>mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in thereaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?
5. The atoms and ions Ne, N³-, F, Mg2+, and Si4+ are part of an
isoelectronic series.
(a) Which of these will have the smallest effective nuclear
charge acting on the outermost electron?
(b) Which one possess the greatest effective nuclear charge?
(c) Which ion will be the largest in size? Explain why.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Introduction to Chemistry
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1QCCh. 7 - Prob. 2QCCh. 7 - Prob. 3QCCh. 7 - Prob. 4QCCh. 7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 7 - Prob. 6QCCh. 7 - Prob. 7QCCh. 7 - Prob. 1PPCh. 7 - Prob. 2PPCh. 7 - Prob. 3PP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 4PPCh. 7 - Prob. 5PPCh. 7 - Prob. 6PPCh. 7 - Prob. 7PPCh. 7 - Prob. 8PPCh. 7 - Prob. 9PPCh. 7 - Prob. 10PPCh. 7 - Prob. 11PPCh. 7 - Prob. 1QPCh. 7 - Match the key terms with the descriptions...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3QPCh. 7 - Prob. 4QPCh. 7 - Prob. 5QPCh. 7 - Prob. 6QPCh. 7 - Prob. 7QPCh. 7 - Prob. 8QPCh. 7 - Prob. 9QPCh. 7 - Prob. 10QPCh. 7 - Prob. 11QPCh. 7 - Prob. 12QPCh. 7 - Prob. 13QPCh. 7 - Prob. 14QPCh. 7 - Prob. 15QPCh. 7 - Prob. 16QPCh. 7 - Prob. 17QPCh. 7 - Prob. 18QPCh. 7 - Prob. 19QPCh. 7 - Prob. 20QPCh. 7 - Prob. 21QPCh. 7 - Prob. 22QPCh. 7 - Bohr proposed that the electron in a hydrogen atom...Ch. 7 - Prob. 24QPCh. 7 - Prob. 25QPCh. 7 - Prob. 26QPCh. 7 - Prob. 27QPCh. 7 - Prob. 28QPCh. 7 - Prob. 29QPCh. 7 - Prob. 30QPCh. 7 - Prob. 31QPCh. 7 - In the Bohr model, which of the following electron...Ch. 7 - Prob. 33QPCh. 7 - Prob. 34QPCh. 7 - Prob. 35QPCh. 7 - Prob. 36QPCh. 7 - Prob. 37QPCh. 7 - Prob. 38QPCh. 7 - Prob. 39QPCh. 7 - Prob. 40QPCh. 7 - Prob. 41QPCh. 7 - Prob. 42QPCh. 7 - Prob. 43QPCh. 7 - Prob. 44QPCh. 7 - Prob. 45QPCh. 7 - Complete the following orbital diagrams for the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 47QPCh. 7 - Prob. 48QPCh. 7 - Prob. 49QPCh. 7 - Prob. 50QPCh. 7 - Prob. 51QPCh. 7 - Prob. 52QPCh. 7 - Prob. 53QPCh. 7 - Prob. 54QPCh. 7 - Prob. 55QPCh. 7 - Prob. 56QPCh. 7 - Prob. 57QPCh. 7 - Prob. 58QPCh. 7 - Prob. 59QPCh. 7 - Prob. 60QPCh. 7 - Prob. 61QPCh. 7 - Prob. 62QPCh. 7 - Prob. 63QPCh. 7 - Prob. 64QPCh. 7 - Prob. 65QPCh. 7 - Prob. 66QPCh. 7 - Prob. 67QPCh. 7 - Prob. 68QPCh. 7 - Prob. 69QPCh. 7 - Prob. 70QPCh. 7 - Prob. 71QPCh. 7 - Prob. 72QPCh. 7 - Prob. 73QPCh. 7 - Prob. 74QPCh. 7 - Prob. 75QPCh. 7 - Prob. 76QPCh. 7 - Prob. 77QPCh. 7 - Prob. 78QPCh. 7 - Prob. 79QPCh. 7 - Prob. 80QPCh. 7 - Prob. 81QPCh. 7 - Write the complete and abbreviated electron...Ch. 7 - Prob. 83QPCh. 7 - Prob. 84QPCh. 7 - Prob. 85QPCh. 7 - Prob. 86QPCh. 7 - Prob. 87QPCh. 7 - Prob. 88QPCh. 7 - Prob. 89QPCh. 7 - Prob. 90QPCh. 7 - Prob. 91QPCh. 7 - Prob. 92QPCh. 7 - Prob. 93QPCh. 7 - Prob. 94QPCh. 7 - Prob. 95QPCh. 7 - Prob. 96QPCh. 7 - Prob. 97QPCh. 7 - Prob. 98QPCh. 7 - Prob. 99QPCh. 7 - Prob. 100QPCh. 7 - Prob. 101QPCh. 7 - Prob. 102QPCh. 7 - Prob. 103QPCh. 7 - Prob. 104QPCh. 7 - Prob. 105QPCh. 7 - Prob. 106QPCh. 7 - Which is the larger ion, K+orCa2+? Explain.Ch. 7 - Prob. 108QPCh. 7 - Prob. 109QPCh. 7 - Prob. 110QPCh. 7 - Prob. 111QPCh. 7 - Prob. 112QPCh. 7 - Prob. 113QPCh. 7 - Prob. 114QPCh. 7 - Prob. 115QPCh. 7 - Prob. 116QPCh. 7 - Prob. 117QPCh. 7 - Prob. 118QPCh. 7 - Prob. 119QPCh. 7 - Prob. 120QPCh. 7 - Prob. 121QPCh. 7 - Prob. 122QPCh. 7 - Prob. 123QPCh. 7 - Prob. 124QPCh. 7 - Prob. 125QPCh. 7 - Prob. 126QPCh. 7 - Prob. 127QPCh. 7 - Prob. 128QPCh. 7 - Prob. 129QPCh. 7 - Prob. 130QPCh. 7 - Prob. 131QPCh. 7 - Prob. 132QPCh. 7 - Prob. 133QPCh. 7 - How many unpaired electrons are in a single atom...Ch. 7 - Prob. 135QPCh. 7 - Which element has a ground-state electron...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is the correct abbreviated...Ch. 7 - Prob. 138QPCh. 7 - Prob. 139QPCh. 7 - Prob. 140QPCh. 7 - Prob. 141QPCh. 7 - Prob. 142QP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the electron configuration of the Ba3+ ion? Suggest a reason why this ion is not normally found in nature.arrow_forwardPalladium, with an electron configuration of [Kr] 4d10, is an exception to the aufbau principle. Write the electron configuration of the 2+ cation of palladium. Does the fact that palladium is an exception influence the electron configuration of Pd2+?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is(are) true? a. F has a larger first ionization energy than does Li. b. Cations are larger than their parent atoms. c. The removal of the first electron from a lithium atom (electron configuration is ls2 2s1 ) is exothermic-that is, removing this electorn gives off energy. d. The He atom is larger than the H+ ion. e. The Al atorn is smaller than the Li atom.arrow_forward
- Which of the four atoms Na, P, Cl, or K (a) has the largest atomic radius? (b) has the highest ionization energy? (c) is the most electronegative?arrow_forwardIf potassium chlorate has the formula KClO3, what formula would you expect for lithium bromate?arrow_forwardA nonmetallic element, R, burns brightly in air to give the oxide R4O10. If R is in Period 3, what is the ground-state valence-shell configuration of the atom?arrow_forward
- Which of these isoelectronic ions, Ba2+, Cs+, or La3+, is (a) the largest? (b) the smallest? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardA hydrogen-like ion is an ion containing only one electron. The energies of the electron in a hydrogen-like ion are given by (2.180 × 10-¹5 1) 2² (1) J) E = kJ where n is the principal quantum number, and Z is the atomic number of the element. Calculate the ionization energy, in your answer to 4 significant digits. mol Note: Reference the Fundamental constants table for additional information. ·2+ of the Li²+ ion. Round Iarrow_forwardWhich of the following sets of quantum numbers would account for the highest-energy electron in Ni2+?arrow_forward
- What is the relationship between the ionization energy of an anion with a -1 charge, such as F−, and the electron affinity of the neutral atom, F? Express your answer in terms of EF, which represents the electron affinity of the neutral atom, F.arrow_forwardla) For each of the following pairs indicate which element you would expect to have the larger First Ionization Energy and which one would have the larger radius: (a) Ca and Cl; (b) Sn and Tl; (c) Ba and Bi (d) Fr and Cs b) For each pair indicate which Ion you would expect to have the largest Radius: (a) 0²- and O; (b) N³ and Mg²+ (c) Al3* and Al ne Elearrow_forwardgive the ground-state electron configuration of the following elements. for example, carbon is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^2 (a) lithium (b) sodium (c) aluminum (d) sulfurarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Periodic Properties of Elements | Chemistry | IIT-JEE | NEET | CBSE | Misostudy; Author: Misostudy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L26rRWz4_AI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Periodic Trends: Electronegativity, Ionization Energy, Atomic Radius - TUTOR HOTLINE; Author: Melissa Maribel;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0h8q1GIQ-H4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY